自然灾害应急知识图谱构建方法研究  

Knowledge Graph Construction Method on Natural Disaster Emergency

作　　者：杜志强[1,3] 李钰 张叶廷 谭玉琪[1] 赵文豪 DU Zhiqiang;LI Yu;ZHANG Yeting;TAN Yuqi;ZHAO Wenhao(State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;National Geomatics Center of China,Beijing 100830,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [2]国家基础地理信息中心,北京100830 [3]地球空间信息技术协同创新中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（信息科学版）》2020年第9期1344-1355,共12页Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41971347);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1502902)。

摘　　要：中国自然灾害发生频繁,受自然灾害的威胁极大,防灾减灾、抗灾救灾是人类生存发展的永恒课题。在自然灾害应急领域中,相关数据骤增而应急关键知识明显匮乏,存在"数据-信息-知识"转化能力不足的问题,由此提出了自顶向下和自底向上相结合的自然灾害应急知识图谱构建方法。围绕自然灾害事件、灾害应急任务、灾害数据、模型方法4个要素,自顶向下构建模式层,通过本体建模形成知识图谱的概念框架;自底向上构建数据层,通过数据获取、知识抽取、融合、存储建立实体间关联关系。以洪涝灾害应急知识图谱为例进行实验验证,结果表明,该方法能够对自然灾害事件、灾害应急任务、灾害数据、模型方法4要素的概念层次关系及要素属性、要素间语义关联关系进行形式化表达,实现了从多源数据到互联知识的转化。Natural disasters occur frequently and pose a huge threat to China.Disaster prevention,mitigation,and disaster relief are eternal topics of human survival and development.However,in the field of disaster relief and emergency response,the relevant data increase sharply while the critical knowledge of emergency is obviously lacking.The"data-information-knowledge"transformation capacity is insufficient to meet the urgent needs of disaster prevention and reduction.Firstly taking natural disasters as the core,and around four elements of natural disaster events,disaster emergency tasks,disaster data,and methods,this paper proposes a knowledge graph construction method by combining a top-down approach and a bottom-up approach.Then,concept layer of knowledge graph is built from top to down,and the conceptual framework is formed through ontology modeling.Data layer of knowledge graph is built from bottom to top,and the relationship between entities is established through data acquisition,knowledge extraction,fusion,and storage.Finally,a flood disaster emergency knowledge graph is built to verify the validity of the proposed method.The concept layer in flood disaster emergency knowledge graph defines the conceptual levels,the attributes and the semantic relationships of flood disaster events,disaster emergency tasks,disaster data,and methods.The data layer in flood disaster emergency knowledge graph realizes the extraction of entities and relationships from multi-source data.After the knowledge fusion process,3054 nodes and 12689 relationship edges are obtained and stored in the Neo4 j graph database.The flood disaster emergency knowledge graph realizes the transformation from multi-source data to interrelated knowledge.

关 键 词：自然灾害 应急 领域知识图谱 本体 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]