茶、茶文化景观与海上茶叶贸易  

Tea,Tea Cultural Landscape and Maritime Tea Trade

作　　者：姜波[1] JIANG Bo(Institute of Cultural Heritage,Shandong University,Tsingtao Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文化遗产研究院,山东青岛250100

出　　处：《自然与文化遗产研究》2020年第5期62-78,共17页Study on Natural and Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：人类培育了茶,茶也改变了人和人类世界。中国是茶的故乡,新石器时代即已开始人工茶树的培育。唐宋时期,品茶之风已经风行国内。明、清时期茶园经济兴起,海洋贸易磅礴发展,茶叶开始大规模输出。考古所见器物演变,正是古人的饮茶风格从“煮羹”到“食茶”再到“饮茶”的实证。茶叶不仅影响了人类的生活方式,还促进了种植园经济的推广,加速了造船与航运业的发展,推动东西方文明之间的交流。茶叶谱写了一部独特的世界史。文章试图从中国早期茶的考古发现、古人饮茶方式的演变和沉船考古所见的茶叶贸易史入手,探究茶的种植与发展史,解读茶叶贸易对世界文明进程所带来的深刻影响。Human beings have cultivated tea,and tea has also changed people and the human world.China is the hometown of tea where the cultivation of artificial tea trees began in the Neolithic Age.During the Tang and Song dynasties,tea tasting became popular in China.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,tea garden economy rose and the ocean trade developed magnificently.Tea began to be exported on a large scale.The evolution of archaeological objects provides evidence of how the ancient tea style evolved from“boiling”to“eating tea”and then to“drinking”.Tea has not only influenced people's way of life,but also prompted the promotion of plantation economy,accelerated the development of shipbuilding and shipping industry,and promoted the exchanges between eastern and Western civilizations.Tea has written a unique history of the world.This paper attempts to start with the archaeological discovery of early Tea in China,the evolution of ancient tea drinking methods and the history of tea trade seen in the archaeology of shipwreck,to explore the planting and development history of tea,and to interpret the profound impact of tea trade on the progress of world civilization.

关 键 词：茶 茶树栽培 茶文化景观 海上茶叶贸易 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]