巴彦淖尔市黄灌区秋浇地水浸越冬对向日葵列当种子萌发的影响  

Effects of soaking with autumn irrigation and overwintering on the seeds germination of sunflower parasitic Orobanche cumana in the Yellow River Irrigation Districts of Bayannur

作　　者：苏雅杰 杜磊 云晓鹏 白全江 田晓燕 葛童 杜超[2] SU Yajie;DU Lei;YUN Xiaopeng;BAI Quanjiang;TIAN Xiaoyan;GE Tong;DU Chao(Insititute of Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Linhe 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院,内蒙古临河015000

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2020年第4期100-104,共5页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-21);内蒙古自治区科技计划资助项目(201802072);内蒙古农牧业科技创新基金项目(2017CXJJN14)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确黄灌区秋浇地水浸泡对田间向日葵列当种子萌发的影响。【方法】于2014—2019年连续5年在内蒙古乌拉特前旗试验,每年11月底将装有向日葵列当种子的布袋放入田间结冰的水中,同时将另外一袋同源向日葵列当种子放置在自然环境下作对照,翌年春季5月退水后,取回田间向日葵列当种子袋,采用独脚金内酯(GR24)刺激萌发进行室内向日葵列当种子萌发检测。【结果】向日葵列当种子在田间经秋浇地灌溉水浸泡,1~5年间每年的向日葵列当种子萌发率分别为46.62%、12.86%、0.79%、0、0,而对照向日葵列当种子萌发率分别为71.95%、64.19%、64.88%、57.72%、69.88%。向日葵列当种子在秋浇地水中越冬对种子萌发率有显著影响,经过4年秋浇地水的连续长时间浸泡向日葵列当种子完全不能萌发,而且萌发率与田间浸泡年限呈负相关,随着浸泡年限的延长,向日葵列当种子的萌发率越低。【结论】巴彦淖尔市黄灌区向日葵列当发生危害虽然时间较早,但扩展蔓延速度相对较慢,主要与向日葵列当种子在秋浇地水中长时间浸泡萌发率降低有关。【Objective】To clarify the effect of autumn irrigation in Yellow River Irrigation Districts on the seed germination of Orobanche cumana.【Methods】The study had been carried out in Urad Front Banner of Inner Mongolia during 2014 to 2019.Sacks containing seeds of Orobanche cumana were put in the field and immersed in the irrigation water each November to next May,and the controlling sacks containing the same seeds were put in natural conditions and without irrigation.The seed samples were taken out at eah May,induced by GR24 and calculated their germination rates.【Results】The germination rates of Orobanche cumana treated with autumn irrigation from 1 to 5 years were 46.62%,12.86%,0.79%,0,0,respectively,while germination rates of the control seeds were 71.95%,64.19%,64.88%,57.72%,69.88%,respectively.Autumn irrigation could significantly decrease the germination rates of Orobanche cumana seeds,the more years′irrigation,the lower germination rates of the seeds.After 4 years irrigation,the germination rates was down to 0.【Conclusion】The lower germination rates of Orobanche cumana was caused by autumn irrigation,it was mainly reason for why Orobanche cumana keeping a low infectin rate in the Yellow River Irrigation Districts of Bayannur.

关 键 词：黄灌区 秋浇地 向日葵列当 种子萌发 

分 类 号：S453[农业科学—植物保护]