轨梁BD1轧辊表面激光熔覆改性技术  

Laser Cladding Modification Technology for Cast Steel BD1 Roller Surface

作　　者：甘伟 徐科[1] 刘涛[2] 徐金梧 焦建鹏[2] 周东东 GAN Wei;XU Ke;LIU Tao;XU Jin-wu;JIAO Jian-peng;ZHOU Dong-dong(University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Handan Iron and Steel Group Co.,Ltd,Handan 056000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学,北京100083 [2]邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司,河南邯郸056000

出　　处：《表面技术》2020年第10期205-213,232,共10页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51874022)。

摘　　要：目的解决轨梁轧制过程中BD1轧辊耐磨性低且易沾钢的问题。方法采用激光熔覆技术,研究熔覆层材质适用性,设定化学成分组分以析出大量碳化物为主要目标,同时考虑耐磨性、抗冷热疲劳性、焊接性能,采用正交试验研究C、Cr、Ni、Mo、W、Si、B元素在激光熔覆材料中的作用,由金相法检测晶粒取向及放大500倍观察微观裂纹评判确定最佳的粉料化学成分,并分析了熔覆材料的宏观硬度、金相组织等材料性能。同时,研究了激光功率、线速度、搭接量和送粉量等熔覆工艺参数对BD1轧辊表面质量的影响。结果轨梁BD1轧辊孔型表面激光熔覆改性技术后,由于熔覆层表面形成了一层与轧材显著不同的金相组织,使得“焊合”现象不再发生,消除了粘钢现象。熔覆层氧化膜具有较高的耐磨损性能,提高了轧辊耐磨性。良好的冶金结合保证了熔覆层具有足够的抗压、抗冲击、抗机械疲劳和冷热疲劳能力。经过激光熔覆后,过钢量由原来的不足1000 t可以提高到6000 t以上。结论激光熔覆改性处理改变了BD1轧辊表面材料,克服了粘钢现象,提高了其耐磨性,实现了BD1轧辊的高效循环利用,显著地提高了轨梁BD1轧辊的使用寿命。The work aims to solve the problem that the BD1 roller has low wear resistance and is easy to stick steel during the rail beam rolling process.The laser cladding technology was used to study the applicability of the cladding material,and the chemical composition was set to precipitate a large amount of carbides.At the same time,the wear resistance,cold and thermal fatigue resistance and welding performance were considered.The role of Cr,Ni,Mo,W,Si and B elements in laser cladding was studied by orthogonal experiment,the grain orientation was detected by metallographic method and the best powder chemical composition was determined by evaluation of 500×observation microcracks.Moreover,the macroscopic hardness and metallographic structure of cladding material were analyzed.Then,the effects of cladding process parameters such as laser power,linear velocity,overlap and powder feeding on the surface quality of BD1 roller were studied.After the laser cladding modification technology of the BD1 roller surface of the rail beam,a metallographic structure significantly different from the rolled material was formed on the surface of the cladding layer,so that the phenomenon of“welding”no longer occurred,and the phenomenon of sticking steel was eliminated.The cladding oxide film had high wear resistance and improved roller wear resistance.While the good metallurgical bonding ensured that the cladding layer had sufficient resistance to pressure,impact,mechanical fatigue and thermal fatigue.After laser cladding,the amount of steel could be increased from less than 1,000 tons to more than 6,000 tons.The surface material of BD1 roller is changed,the phenomenon of sticking steel is overcome,and the wear resistance is improved,which realizes high-efficiency recycling of BD1 roller and significantly improves the service life of the BD1 roller of the rail beam.

关 键 词：铸钢 轨梁 BD辊孔型 表面 粘钢 激光熔覆改性 

分 类 号：TG174.442[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]