捕食性天敌储蓄植物系统研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospect on Banker Plant Systems of Predators for Biological Control

作　　者：李姝[1] 王杰 黄宁兴[1] 金振宇[2] 王甦[1] 张帆[1] LI Shu;WANG Jie;HUANG NingXing;JIN ZhenYu;WANG Su;ZHANG Fan(Institute of Plant and Environment Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所,北京100097 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第19期3975-3987,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家桃产业技术体系(CARS-30);北京市农林科学院青年基金(QNJJ201823);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20200110);北方果树病虫害绿色防控北京市重点实验室项目。

摘　　要：现代集约化农业生产对生态环境的影响逐渐加剧,促使形成单一化农业景观、丧失生物多样性,易引起害虫大暴发。随着我国现代农业发展战略布局与要求,对农业绿色安全生产和食品环境安全的关注度日益增加,环境友好、绿色高效的害虫管理技术的需求越来越强烈。天敌昆虫作为生物防治的重要组成部分,在生态安全和可持续农业中发挥着重要的作用。但传统的淹没式释放天敌的方式存在成本高、时效性和持效性较差的问题。如何有效的增殖保护田间天敌昆虫,提高天敌控害效率一直是生物防治的关键。储蓄植物系统(banker plant system)又称载体植物系统,其具有预防性引入天敌、并有助于天敌种群维持,实现可持续控害等优点,是较为成功的保护型生物防治技术,被越来越多用于农业有害生物综合治理中改善天敌生存条件,发挥对其的涵养和增殖作用。近年来相关研究发展迅速,在比利时、德国、法国、日本、美国和加拿大等国家已形成了商品产业化,得到了广泛推广应用。但由于地理气候和农业设施等方面差异,国外已报道或构建的储蓄植物系统并不适于直接在我国应用。目前国内的研究虽然起步较晚,但已到了快速发展期,必将具有广阔的发展前景。本文综合分析了国内外相关技术研究概况,就实现捕食性天敌储蓄植物系统最佳控害功能进行探讨,提出要认真筛选组成因素,明确储蓄植物、替代食物和有益生物三者之间的关系并优化各个因素的水平,而且还要充分考虑应用策略,重视田间应用效果评价,从而进一步完善储蓄植物系统技术。此外,还展望了该领域的发展方向,因地制宜地开发适合国内害虫防治的捕食性天敌储蓄植物系统,必将推动捕食性天敌产品的广泛应用及产业化发展。The impact of intensive agriculture on the ecological environment is growing, which fosters singular landscape, loss of biodiversity and prone to pest outbreaks. With the national development strategy of modern agriculture, much attention has been paid to the production of healthy, sustainably grown food. The requirement for environmentally friendly and efficient pest management technologies has become more and more intensified. Natural enemies play an important role in ecological security and sustainable agriculture. However, the traditional method of mass releasing natural enemies has the problems of high cost, poor timeliness and efficiency. So how to protect natural enemies in the field and improve efficiency are the critical problems to successful biological control. Banker plant systems have the advantages of introducing natural enemies preventively and maintaining them, therefore, controlling the pests sustainably. It is a relatively successful protective biological control technology, which has improved the survival conditions of natural enemies in the comprehensive management of agricultural pests. In recent years, with the rapid development of banker plant systems, more and more products have been widely applied in Belgium, Germany, France, Japan, the United States, Canada, and so on. However, due to the geographical differences, the direct application of the banker plant systems reported abroad is difficult in most cases. At present, although the domestic study started late, it has reached a rapid development period and will have a broad development prospect. In this paper, the research progress and the related technology in China and abroad were summarized. Especially, the optimal strategy of predatory natural enemies was discussed in banker plant system. The improvement of the technology not only needs careful selection of the factors, but also clarifies the relationship and optimizes the levels of the elements. Moreover, fully considering is in the layout of space and time, especially the applicatio

关 键 词：储蓄植物 捕食性天敌 替代食物 保护型生物防治 设施害虫防治 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]