钾肥袋控缓释对桃产量、品质及土壤氯离子含量的影响  

Effects of Potassium Fertilizers Being Bag-Controlled Released on Fruit Yield and Quality of Peach Trees and Soil Chloride Content

作　　者：张亚飞[1] 彭福田[1] 肖元松[1] 罗静静[1] 杜安齐 ZHANG YaFei;PENG FuTian;XIAO YuanSong;LUO JingJing;DU AnQi(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai’an 271018,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第19期4035-4044,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS:31-3-03);山东省“双一流”建设奖补资金(SYL2017YSTD10)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究袋控缓释不同比例的氯化钾和硫酸钾对桃树叶片光合、果实产量品质及土壤氯离子残留的影响,为桃园科学合理施用钾肥提供参考依据。【方法】以晚熟桃‘瑞蟠21’/毛桃[Prunus persica (Carr.)Franch.]为试材,进行连续2年的大田试验。设5个处理:不施钾肥(Control)、100%硫酸钾(PC 0)、30%氯化钾+70%硫酸钾(PC 30)、60%氯化钾+40%硫酸钾(PC 60)和100%氯化钾(PC 100),做成袋控缓释肥,每年3月初施肥,于每年的4、6、8、10月中旬测定0—20 cm和20—40 cm土层中速效钾及氯离子含量的动态变化;在桃树第一次快速生长期(S1)、硬核期(S2)、第二次快速生长期(S3)和成熟期(S4)分别测定叶片中速效钾和氯离子含量及叶片SPAD值、净光合速率;果实成熟后测定果实氯离子含量和品质,并统计产量。【结果】果园不施氯处理0—20和20—40 cm土层中平均氯离子含量分别为34.03和38.78μg·g-1;随着氯化钾投入量的增加,果园土壤不同深度的氯离子含量均呈增加趋势,PC 30、PC 60和PC 100处理0—20 cm和20—40 cm土层中氯离子平均含量依次为:37.98、39.55、41.61和45.62、51.17、58.87μg·g-1,但连续施用袋控缓释氯化钾不会造成土壤中氯离子的累积。叶片中氯离子含量也随着施氯量的增加而增加。PC 30、PC 60和PC 100处理叶片中氯离子含量分别比PC 0高6.35%、24.30%和32.22%;其中PC 30处理4个时期叶片中氯离子含量分别为234.29、243.16、233.81和233.20μg·g-1,显著提高了叶片的SPAD值和净光合速率,但PC 60和PC 100处理降低了叶片光合能力。施钾各处理土壤中速效钾的含量前期水平较高,后逐渐降低。PC 30、PC 60和PC 100处理钾释放高峰出现在6月,PC 0处理则在8月达到高峰。叶片中的钾含量在S3期达到最高值,而后逐渐降低,S4期叶片中钾含量最低。各施钾处理叶片中速效钾含量无显著变化。说明袋控缓释不同比例的钾肥中钾的释放�【Objective】The effects of mixtures of potassium fertilizers being bag-controlled released on the photosynthesis, fruit yield and qualities of peach trees and the chloride content in soil were studied to provide reference for scientific application of potassium fertilizers in peach orchard.【Method】Late-ripening peach ‘Ruipan 21’/Prunus persica(Carr.) Franch. were used as research materials, and a 2-year field trial was conducted with five types of fertilizers being bag-controlled released, including without potassium fertilizer(Control), 100% potassium sulfate(PC 0), 30% potassium chloride and 70% potassium sulfate(PC 30), 60% potassium chloride and 40% potassium sulfate(PC 60) and 100% potassium chloride(PC 100). It was fertilized at the beginning of March every year, the soil dynamic changes of available potassium and chloride content in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer were determined in the middle of April, June, August and October of each year. The potassium and chloride content, SPAD values and photosynthetic rates in leaves were determined in the first rapid growth stage(S1), the hard core stage(S2), the second rapid growth stage(S3) and the maturity stage(S4) of peach trees, and the chloride content in fruit and the yield and qualities were investigated.【Result】The average Cl-content in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer was 34.03 and 38.78 μg·g-1 in the orchard without chlorine treatment. With the increase of potassium chloride, the Cl-content in different soil layers showed an increasing trend. The average content of Cl-in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer under PC 30, PC 60 and PC 100 were 37.98, 39.55, 41.61, 45.62, 51.17 and 58.87 μg·g-1, respectively. However continuous application of bag-controlled potassium chloride for two years did not result in the accumulation of Cl-in soil. The content of Cl-in the leaves also increased with the increase of the amount of chlorine applied. The content of Cl-under PC 30, PC 60 and PC 100 was 6.35%, 24.30% and 32.22% higher than that under PC 0. Amon

关 键 词：袋控缓释 桃 氯化钾 硫酸钾 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]