退休政策的经济学分析及调整  

A Study on the Economic Analysis and Adjustment of Retirement Policy

作　　者：樊明 FAN Ming(Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Urban-Rural Coordination Development,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学城乡协调发展河南省协同创新中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《中国劳动关系学院学报》2020年第5期27-37,共11页Journal of China University of Labor Relations

摘　　要：退休政策通过影响劳动力的投入和养老负担对社会产出和就业人口、退休人口的福利水平产生影响,因此要对退休政策进行调整须进行较为充分的经济论证。研究对单人经济的退休年龄分析显示:存在一个基于个人一生效用最大化的“最佳”退休年龄,可合理平衡一生总产出和退休后的休闲。同理,一个多人经济社会也存在一个平均的“最佳”退休年龄。研究的结论如下:现有的退休年龄政策背景下,中国将面临日益沉重的养老负担,说明中国的退休年龄政策亟须调整;延迟退休年龄至少在长期对就业无负面影响,且可增加GDP;将暂时多余的社保基金用于金融投资无助于社会养老负担的缓解,养老金空账运行并无问题。为完善中国的退休政策,研究提出适时延长退休年龄、提高养老金标准和降低养老保险费率、对职工上缴的养老保险实施记账等建议。Retirement policy has impacts on social output and the welfare level of employed population and retired population by affecting their labor input and pension burden. A more adequate economic argument, therefore, should focus on adjusting the retirement policy. The study on the retirement age analysis of the single-person economy showed that there was an "optimal" retirement age based on the maximization of the individual’s effective use, which could reasonably balance the total output of life and the leisure after retirement. Similarly, a multi-person economic society also had an average "optimal" retirement age. The study concludes that under the background of the current retirement age policy, our country has to face an increasingly heavy pension burden, and thus the current retirement age policy needs to be adjusted urgently. Delaying the retirement age at least has no negative impact on employment in the long term, which can promote our country’s GDP. What is more, temporarily surplus social security funds used for financial investment will not help alleviate the burden of social pensions, whereas there is no problem with empty pension accounts. To improve our country’s retirement policy, the study puts forward policy recommendations such as appropriately extending the retirement age, raising the pension standard, reducing the pension insurance rate, and keeping accounts of the pension insurance facts paid by employees.

关 键 词：退休年龄 退休人口赡养率 社保基金 经济学分析 政策调整 

分 类 号：F241.34[经济管理—劳动经济]