草原生态补助奖励政策效益评估——基于内蒙古呼伦贝尔新巴尔虎右旗的调查  

Benefit Evaluation of Grassland Ecological Subsidy and Incentive Policy:Based on the Investigation of New Barag Right Banner in Hulun Buir

作　　者：潘建伟[1] 张立中[2] 辛国昌 PAN Jianwei;ZHANG Lizhong;XIN Guochang

机构地区：[1]北京物资学院经济学院,北京101149 [2]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [3]农业农村部畜牧兽医局,北京100125

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2020年第9期111-121,共11页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：农业农村部委托课题“草原生态补奖政策绩效评价”(编号:131821301122441002);北京物资学院“中国经济高质量发展理论与实践”科技协同公关团队的研究成果(编号:2020GG01)。

摘　　要：草原生态保护补助奖励政策的实施,使草原生态保护建设从"工程项目"为中心逐步转变为"投资与补偿"相结合,对草原生态、畜牧业生产和牧民生活产生了重要影响。首先,坚定了地方政府和牧民对草原生态保护建设的信心,强化了当地草原生态保护意识;其次,与已有草原生态建设工程有机衔接,并取得了强基固本生态效果;再次,增加了牧民的收入;最后,推动畜牧业生产经营方式转变等。然而,该政策实施过程中,存在着草原经营权和联户承包权责不分明、季节性和局部区域超载过牧、草原监管体系不完善和监管力量力度不足以及粗放数量型畜牧业未得到根本扭转、草产业发展严重滞后等诸多问题。因此,在完善草原承包经营权的前提下,加强草原管护队伍建设并形成严密的草原监管体系,逐步实现草原监测全覆盖,建立补奖资金发放与政策效果挂钩的联动机制,依法进行草原保护建设,与此同时,培育牧区新型经营主体,推进草牧业转型升级,确保草原生态保护补助奖励政策收到实效。The implementation of the incentive policy on grassland ecological protection subsidies has gradually transferred the grassland ecological protection construction from "the project focus" into the combination of "investment and compensation",which has important influences on grassland ecology,graziery production,and the livelihood of herdsman.Firstly,it helps establish the confidence of herdsman and local government on the construction of grassland ecological protection,and has strengthened the grassland ecological protection.Secondly,it not only connects with the existing grassland ecological construction project,but achieves a strong foundation and solid ecological effect as well.Thirdly,it helps increase the income of herdsman.Finally,it promotes the transformation of graziery production and management methods.However,there exist many problems in the implementation of the policy,such as unclear management rights and responsibilities of joint household contract,overgrazing in seasonal and local areas,incomplete grassland supervision system and insufficient supervision force.Moreover,the extensive and quantitative form of graziery has not been fundamentally reversed,as well as the serious lag in the development of the grassland industry.Therefore,on the premise of perfecting the grassland contracted management rights,it is suggested to strengthen the construction of grassland management team,form a strict grassland supervision system,and gradually create a complete coverage of grassland monitoring approaches.Also,complementary bonus programs with the effects from the policy implement should be effectively integrated,in accordance with the law on grassland protection construction.At the same time,it is helpful to cultivate new operators in pasturing area and promote the transformation and upgrading of grass husbandry,for ensuring the effectiveness of the grassland ecological protection subsidies incentive policy.

关 键 词：草原生态保护 补助奖励政策 草原承包经营权 草牧业转型升级 

分 类 号：F323.212[经济管理—产业经济] F812.8