从近代天文学发展看“齐尔塞尔论题”——一个基于科学实践哲学的案例分析  

A Review of the “Zilsel Thesis” in light of the Development of Modern Astronomy:A Case Analysis Based on the Philosophy of Scientific Practice

作　　者：别应龙 BIE Yinglong(Institute for Science,Tech no logy and Society&Department of Philosophy,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系暨科学技术与社会研究所,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2020年第9期63-70,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“问题哲学理论前沿与理论创新研究”(项目编号:18ZDA026);国家社会科学基金一般项目“科学哲学视域下的问题域研究”(项目编号:17BZX004);南京大学哲学系博士研究生创新项目“基于实践哲学视域的‘齐尔塞尔论题’研究”(项目编号:NJUDPGRA2020)。

摘　　要："齐尔塞尔论题"被部分学者认为存在一定的解释困境,因为它没有具体解释学者与工匠阶层之间的社会壁垒是如何瓦解,或者说,是什么原因引起了他们的"互动"。从微观编史学的角度重新考察"齐尔塞尔论题"有助于我们化解这一困境。借助于哈金所提出的"表征-干预"模式,不仅有助于在微观史学层面,围绕"学者-工匠"问题这条主线,考察近代天文学发展的大致脉络,了解其中学者与工匠之间"互动"的真实图景,从而为"齐尔塞尔论题"提供合理辩护。Some scholars conclude that the "ziersel thesis" has a certain interpretation dilemma,because it does not specifically explain how the social barriers between scholars and artisans are disintegrated,or what causes their "interaction".It is helpful for us to solve this dilemma with re-examine the "ziersel thesis" from the perspective of micro-historiography.We can centre on the "Scholars-Artisans" issue to investigate the main skeleton of the development of modern astronomy at the micro-historical level with using the "Representation-Intervention" model proposed by Ian Hacking,and to know a realistic picture of the "interaction" between scholars and artisans in the development of astronomy,thus,to give us a reasonable defense for the Zilsel Thesis.

关 键 词：齐尔塞尔论题 “表征-干预”模式 “学者-工匠”问题 近代天文学 微观编史学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]