利用森林模拟优化模型(FSOS)分析森林经营单位合理年伐量  

Rational annual cutting volume of forest management units based on FSOS

作　　者：戴其林 张超[1] 商克容 周燕 邱磊 余树全[1] DAI Qilin;ZHANG Chao;SHANG Kerong;ZHOU Yan;QIU Lei;YU Shuquan(School of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;Jiande Forest Farm,Jiande 311600,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]建德市林业总场,浙江建德311600

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2020年第5期833-840,共8页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2017C02028)。

摘　　要：【目的】年伐量的计算是森林经营方案编制的核心内容,合理的年伐量能指导森林可持续经营。使用公式计算年伐量的传统方法,结果偏差较大,主观性较强,局限性明显。本研究利用计算机模型来解决传统方法的弊端。【方法】基于建德市林业总场森林资源二类调查数据,使用森林模拟优化模型(forest simulation and optimization system,FSOS)进行用材林主伐方案的年伐量计算分析,并与公式法计算结果进行对比。【结果】公式法难以适应林场复杂的龄组结构,不同公式计算结果差异较大;而FSOS模型适应能力较强,计算结果准确。FSOS结果显示:全场用材林年伐面积76.35 hm^2·a^−1,年伐蓄积9073.51 m^3·a^−1,平均采伐年龄40 a,采伐木材量109.27 m^3·hm^−2;在未来50 a的模拟经营过程中,年伐量呈现周期性波动,森林龄组结构变化逐渐趋于稳定,规划期末成、过熟林面积占比达40.94%,接近理想状态。【结论】FSOS模型能适应复杂的龄组结构,预测林分生长;远近结合,兼顾多目标,综合考虑林场经营的经济效益和生态效益,科学指导森林经营。[Objective]The calculation of annual cutting volume is the core content of forest management planning,and rational annual cutting volume can guide sustainable forest management.The traditional method of using formula to calculate annual cutting volume has such disadvantages as large deviation,strong subjectivity and obvious limitation.This study aims to solve the problems of the traditional method by using an excellent computer model.[Method]Based on the second-class survey data of forest resources in Jiande Forest Farm of Zhejiang Province,forest simulation and optimization system(FSOS)was used to calculate and analyze the annual cutting volume of the main cutting plan of timber forest,and the results were compared with those calculated by the formula method.[Result]The formula method was difficult to adapt to the complex age group structure of forest farm,and the calculation results of different formulas were quite different,while FSOS model had strong adaptability and the calculation results were accurate and feasible.FSOS results showed that the annual cutting area of timber forest was 76.35 hm^2·a^−1,the annual cutting volume was 9073.51 m^3·a^−1,and the average cutting age was 40 years,with an average cutting volume of 109.27 m^3·hm^−2.In the next 50 years of simulated forest management process,the annual cutting volume would fluctuate periodically,and the structural change of the forest age group would gradually become stable.The proportion of mature and over-mature forest area at the end of the planning period would reach 40.94%,close to the ideal state.[Conclusion]FSOS model can adapt to complex age group structure,predict stand growth,take into account multiple objectives,combine short-term and long-term goals,comprehensively consider the economic and ecological benefits of forest farm management,and scientifically guide forest management.

关 键 词：森林经营 年伐量 建德林业总场 FSOS模型 

分 类 号：S753.7[农业科学—森林经理学]