表面开孔对机翼气动性能影响规律研究  

Research on the influence of a wing with openings on aerodynamic performance

作　　者：祁武超[1] 钱德龙 田素梅[1] 许卫锴[1] 赵维涛[1] QI Wu-chao;QIAN De-long;TIAN Su-mei;XU Wei-kai;ZHAO Wei-tao(Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Composite Structural Analysis of Aerocraft and Simulation,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学辽宁省飞行器复合材料结构分析与仿真重点实验室,沈阳110136

出　　处：《沈阳航空航天大学学报》2020年第4期1-12,共12页Journal of Shenyang Aerospace University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:11502149,11602150,11902204);辽宁省自然科学基金(项目编号:2019-ZD-0228)。

摘　　要：为在大攻角下提升机翼结构的气动性能,提出一种在机翼结构表面开孔,建立廊道连通上、下翼面的方法,可促使飞机从失速状态中改出。采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,在fluent软件上数值模拟了不同攻角下,机翼表面开孔的大小及角度对机翼气动性能的影响,并讨论了开孔机翼表面绕流的规律。结果显示,对比基于NACA0018翼型的标准机翼,在小攻角条件下,表面开孔机翼的升力系数略低;但当攻角增至16°时,标准机翼开始出现明显的失速特征,而此时开孔机翼的升力系数高于标准机翼,可在大攻角下维持良好的气动性能。以圆形开孔为基础,研究了不同开孔尺寸对机翼气动性能的影响,数据表明,当开孔尺寸较小时,在大攻角下机翼的升力系数随开孔尺寸的增大而增大,当到达临界值即开孔尺寸为006m时,气动性能最佳,继续增大开孔尺寸,机翼的升力系数反而减小。另外,顺时针倾斜方向的开孔方式,其气动性能要优于垂直于弦线方向的开孔方式。In order to improve the aerodynamic performance of a wing structure at high angles of attack,a method of opening holes on the surface of the wing structure and establishing a gallery to connect the upper and lower wing surface was proposed,which could make the aircraft withdraw from stalled state. With the help of FLUENT software,the Realizable k-εTurbulence Model and SIMPLE algorithm were used to simulate the influence of the sizes and angles of openings on the aerodynamic performance of the wing at different angles of attack,and the law of the flow around the wing surface with the opening was discussed. Compared with the standard wing based on NACA0018 airfoil,the results show that the lift coefficient of the surface perforated wing is slightly lower under the condition of small angle of attack,but when the angle of attack increases to16°,the standard wing begins to show obvious stall characteristics,and the lift coefficient of the open wing is higher than that of the standard wing,which can maintain good aerodynamic performance at high angle of attack. Based on the circular opening,the influence of different opening sizes on the aerodynamic performance of the wing is studied. The data shows that the lift coefficients of the wing structure increase with the increase of opening sizes at high angle of attack when the opening size is small. When the opening size is0.06 m,the aerodynamic performance is the best. In addition,the aerodynamic performance of the wing with clockwise declining opening holes is better than that of the wing with the opening holes which the direction perpendicular to the chord at a large angle of attack.

关 键 词：开孔机翼 标准机翼 大攻角 失速 气动性能 

分 类 号：V211.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]