入侵害虫红棕象甲转移为害本土棕榈树的风险评估  

Risk assessment of the invasive pest red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus transferring to the native palm Trachycarpus fortune

作　　者：王辉 王欽召 孟令春 梁玉勇[2] 刘兴平[1] 曾菊平[1,3] WANG Hui;WANG Qinzhao;MENG Lingchun;LIANG Yuyong;LIU Xingping;ZENG Juping(Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration in Poyang Lake Basin,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi Province,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,Jiangxi Province,China;Observation and Research Station of Forestry Ecosystem in Lushan Mountain,Jiujiang 332900,Jiangxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院,鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,南昌330045 [2]江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,南昌330200 [3]江西庐山森林生态系统定位观测研究站,九江332900

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2020年第4期920-928,共9页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：江西省林业科技创新专项(201815);江西农业大学大学生创新训练项目(201810410110)。

摘　　要：为评估入侵害虫红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus对本土农林生态系统的风险,于2016—2019年采用受害植株调查和成虫诱捕的方法跟踪监测该虫在加拿利海枣Phoenix canariensis引种点及周边1 600 m半径范围内本土棕榈Trachycarpus fortune上的发生情况,并对来自野外加拿利海枣与棕榈上的成虫形态及繁殖力进行比较。结果显示,红棕象甲可随加拿利海枣引种定植而入侵当地生态系统,当其在加拿利海枣上暴发成灾后,还能转移到周边棕榈上继续为害,红棕象甲为害致死的棕榈植株数随着引种植物死亡数的增加而增加。野外加拿利海枣与棕榈上红棕象甲成虫的体重、体长以及按雌雄1∶1配对交配后的产卵量、孵化率相当,但棕榈种群雌虫的翅展较加拿利海枣种群明显变短,表明红棕象甲转移取食本土棕榈后可成功定殖、建立种群,且适合度并未降低。雌虫翅展变短可能与该入侵种表型可塑性有关,反映出其对棕榈的快速适应与进化,表现为"前适应"策略。考虑红棕象甲成虫飞行能力强,建议调高棕榈分布省份该虫的风险预警等级、调整防控策略,开展跟踪监测以了解入侵地实情。In order to assess the risk of the invasive pest Rhynchophorus ferrugineus to the local agroforestry ecosystem, the pest occurrence on the introduced palm Phoenix canariensis and the native palm Trachycarpus fortune around the introduction area(within a radius of 1 600 m) were monitored, and the injured palms and trapping the pest adults were investigated during 2016 to 2019. The difference in adult morphology and fertility between two pest populations from P. canariensis and T. fortune were compared. The results showed that the invasive pest R. ferrugineus was able to invade the local ecosystem concurrent with introduction and colonization of P. canariensis. Once breaking out on introduced palms, it probably transferred to the surrounding native palms T. fortune for further damage, and more dead native palms occurred with the increasing mortality of the introduced palms. No significance was observed in the adult body weight, body length as well as the hatching rate and fecundity under one-byone(female: male) mating pair between T. fortune and P. canariensis populations. However, the female wingspan of T. fortune population was significantly shorter than that of P. canariensis population in this invasive pest. It indicated that new populations of the pest had successfully established through transferring to the native palm T. fortune, and the fitness did not decrease at all. The shortened female wingspan might be related to the phenotypic plasticity of this invasive species, reflecting the rapid adaptation and evolution to the local native palm, which was manifested as a"prior-adaptation"strategy. Considering the strong flying ability of its adults, it is suggested to increase the risk warning level of palm-distributed provinces, to adjust the prevention and control strategies and carry out monitoring plan to track the actual situation in invaded regions.

关 键 词：红棕象甲 棕榈 寄主转移 种群参数 生态风险 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]