生态文明及风险社会下的中国农药立法完善  

The Legislation of Agricultural Chemical in Risk Society in China

作　　者：戈含锋[1] 李芳[1] Ge Hanfeng;Li fang(Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学文法学院,天津300457

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第5期65-73,共9页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：“十三五”综合投资基地重大项目;教育部人文社科研究项目(13YJC820020)。

摘　　要：我国作为一个农业大国,农药立法关系到我国食品安全、环境,包括大气、水、土壤等诸多问题的解决,可以说,农药立法是我国国民生存以及生态文明建设的基础性法律。作为一种特殊产品的农药需要两个层面的立法,即工业社会以来经济层面调整农药生产经营销售等的法规,以及适应现代风险社会需要,以限制和规范农药风险性为主的制度措施。后者在当下的重要性日渐凸显。我国农药立法整体仍沿袭传统时期重经济调整而非风险控制的基本框架和立法思维定势。在立法构成上,风险规范整体呈严重不足态势。中央层面,农药基本法规效力位阶低,风险调控规范数量少且以局部调整为主,地方层面更是对农药类法规鲜有专项规范。在具体制度上,风险控制规范主要随附于其他法规如《食品安全法》《环境保护法》等,做附带性调整;部分风险控制制度不适应我国仍以家庭为主要农业生产主体的基本现实,如农药记录制度、农药包装收集制度等等更适合现代农业的规模化生产经营模式,难以形成对我国农业生产主体———家庭的有效规范,实效性有待提升;风险控制制度普遍缺乏更为微观细节的配套支持,等等,这些都是我国未来农药立法需要完善的方面,也是我国应对风险时期,构建生态文明的法制前提。With the development of science and globalization,more and more social problems and ways of life and productions are dramatically different with those of traditional societies.As in agriculture areas,more and more risk ways and tools which supply food for the lives on earth have been used bringing us to a more dangerous situation in the same time.In this case,traditional laws about products should pay more attention to the risk aspects of them instead of ignoring them.Based on this context,the article summarizes the laws and legislations about agricultural chemicals and insecticides in our country,pointed out that most of these regulations are based on traditional phase which risks and dangers do not diffuse as such.Relevant laws and regulations should be adjusted and improved,which can not only in favor of agricultural chemicals and insecticides laws,but those of food safety and environment legislations.

关 键 词：风险社会 农药 风险规制制度 

分 类 号：D923.99[政治法律—民商法学]