阿尔茨海默症小胶质细胞免疫相关受体研究进展  

Advances in microglial immune related receptors in Alzheimer′s disease

作　　者：徐慧琳 范震 李凤[1] 张文生[1] 冯成强[1] XU Hui-lin;FAN Zhen;LI Feng;ZHANG Wen-sheng;FENG Cheng-qiang(Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization,Center for Natural Medicine Engineering Ministry of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学中药资源保护与利用北京市重点实验室,天然药物教育部工程研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中国药理学通报》2020年第9期1185-1188,共4页Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin

基　　金：北京市教育委员会共建项目建设计划资助项目(No SYS10027043)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)是中老年群体发病率极高的神经退行性疾病。近年来,通过人类全基因组测序技术筛选出20余种影响AD发病率的风险基因,其中许多基因在小胶质细胞中高表达,且蛋白产物作为膜受体参与小胶质细胞的免疫功能。这也意味着由小胶质细胞调控的固有免疫可能在AD病理中扮演着重要的角色。而这些由高AD风险基因表达的免疫相关受体,如TREM2、CD33、CR1、MS4A蛋白,被视为AD潜在的免疫学药物靶点而成为国内外关注热点。本文综述了这些小胶质细胞的免疫相关受体的结构及其在AD中功能的研究进展,以期为发掘AD免疫学靶点防治AD提供新思路。Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease with high incidence and high mortality.In recent years,more than 20 risk genes which can affect the prevalence of AD have been screened by human genome-wide sequencing technology.Many of these genes are highly expressed in microglia,and their protein products are involved as membrane receptors in regulating the immune function of microglia.This also means that the innate immunity regulated by microglia is likely to play an important role in the pathology of AD.These immune-related receptors expressed by high AD risk genes,such as TREM2,CD33,CR1,and MS4A proteins,are regarded as potential immunological drug targets for AD and have become a hot topic at home and abroad.In this paper,the research progress of immunoreactive receptors in microglia in the pathological process of AD is reviewed in order to provide a theoretical basis for theexploration of AD immunological targets and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AD.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默症 小胶质细胞 髓样细胞触发受体2 髓系细胞分化抗原33 补体受体1型 跨膜蛋白4结构域亚家族A 

分 类 号：R322.8[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] R341[医药卫生—基础医学]