香樟胚性与非胚性愈伤组织间的差异研究  

Difference between embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus of Cinnamomum camphora L.

作　　者：荆茹月 霍坤 李志辉[1] JING Ruyue;HUO Kun;LI Zhihui(College of Forestry,Central South Forestry University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Yuchi State-owned Forest Farm,Miluo 414400,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]湖南省汨罗市玉池国有林场,湖南汨罗414400

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2020年第10期70-78,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目“樟树等高效培育技术研究”(2016YFD06006005);中南林业科技大学研究生科技创新基金项目(20183030)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过组织细胞学观察、扫描电镜观察、生理生化指标测定三种方法为香樟胚性和非胚性愈伤组织的区分提供了可靠的判断依据,建立起愈伤组织的胚性发生能力与生化代谢间的关系,以此为基础可以提高香樟体胚诱导率、优化体胚发生体系。【方法】以长沙7月初采摘的香樟Cinnamomum camphora L.的未成熟合子胚为材料,诱导出四种不同类型的愈伤组织,对其进行组织细胞学观察以及生理生化测定。【结果】研究结果表明:胚性愈伤组织多为白色,表面散布淡黄色颗粒,细胞壁厚质浓、细胞体积较小,排列紧密,在电镜下表面细胞成团分布,大小近似,细胞核大核仁明显,细胞器丰富。而非胚性愈伤组织多为灰色、白色或深黄色,细胞壁薄,内含物少,空泡化明显,细胞多数衰老、破碎,在电镜下非胚性愈伤表面细胞不饱满大部分死亡破裂,且表面存在附着物,内部几乎没有细胞器。且胚性愈伤组织的适应性、抗逆性强于非胚性愈伤组织。对于胚性愈伤组织和非胚性愈伤组织发生的位置来说,非胚性愈伤组织先发生在两片子叶的中间向外部扩增。胚性愈伤组织的发生位置有三种:一种是发生在胚根端,第二种发生在已形成的愈伤组织的外侧,第三种褐化的愈伤组织边缘。【结论】四类愈伤组织中有三类为非胚性愈伤组织,一类为胚性愈伤组织。【Objective】The three methods of histocytological observation,scanning electron microscopic observation and physiological and biochemical index determination provide reliable basis for distinguishing embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli of Cinnamomum camphora,and establish the relationship between embryogenic ability of calli and biochemical metabolism.Based on this,the induction rate of somatic embryos of Cinnamomum camphora can be improved and the somatic embryogenesis system can be optimized.【Methods】Immature zygotic embryos of Cinnamomum camphora collected in early July in Changsha were used as materials to induce four different types of calli,and their histological and cytological observations and physiological and biochemical measurements were carried out.【Result】Embryonic calli are white,with light yellow granules scattered on their surfaces.The cell walls are thick,closely arranged and had dense cytoplasm.Under the electron microscope,the surface cells are clustered and distributed in a similar size.The nuclei are large and the organelles are abundant.Most non-embryogenic callus are grey,white or dark yellow,with thin cell walls,few intracellular substances,obvious vacuolation,most cells are aging and fragment.Under electron microscopy,most of the surface cells are not plump and most of them die and rupture,and there are attachments on the surface and almost no organelles inside.The adaptability and stress resistance of embryogenic callus are stronger than that of non-embryogenic callus.For the location of embryogenic callus and non-embryogenic callus,the non-embryogenic callus first occur in the middle of the two cotyledons and expanded to the outside.There are three locations of embryogenic callus:one is at the radicle end,the second is outside the formed callus,and the third is at the edge of browning callus.【Conclusion】The results showed that three of the four types of calli are non-embryogenic calli and one is embryogenic callus.

关 键 词：胚性愈伤组织 非胚性愈伤组织 组织细胞学 可溶性蛋白含量 可溶性糖含量 淀粉含量 抗氧化物酶活性 

分 类 号：S792.23[农业科学—林木遗传育种]