近代中国“军学泰斗”杨杰的海权观  

Yang Jie’s View of Sea Power in Modern China

作　　者：赵书刚[1] ZHAO Shu-gang

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校文史教研部,北京100091

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期68-79,124,共13页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：近代中国“军学泰斗”杨杰不仅提出了杰出的军事理论,而且创立了卓越的海权理念。他清醒地看到,鸦片战争之后,“强大的国家侵略我们,弱小的国家轻视我们”,致使中国一再丧失海权。他机敏地捕捉到世界海洋争霸讯息:英国“以海军立国”,企图长期维持海上霸主地位;德国海军率先使用潜艇和磁性鱼雷取胜;美国野心勃勃地把安全线维系在大西洋、生命线锁定在太平洋;日本海陆并重,成为东亚霸主。他剖析中国丧失海权的深层内因:妄自尊大、贻误战机、不识时务、逆潮流而行,向国人敲响了警钟。杨杰坚定地主张捍卫海权,他认为,中国“自然需要强大的海军去保卫”“我们的目的是保卫我们的领海,不是和海权国家争霸”,必须确保中国的制海权。杨杰在近代中国率先提出国防现代化的命题,他屏弃重陆轻海的传统观念,站在战略高度倡导海权,可谓远见卓识。In modern China,Yang Jie,a leading military scholar,not only put forward outstanding military theories,but also established an outstanding concept of see power.He realized it clearly that after the Opium War,"strong countries invade us and weak countries despise us",resulting in China’s repeated loss of sea power.He was quick at catching the message of the world’s struggle for supremacy over the seas:Britain was"built based on its navy"in an attempt to maintain its maritime supremacy for a long time;The German Navy pioneered the use of submarines and magnetic torpedoes to win;The United States has tied its security line to the Atlantic ocean and its lifeline to the Pacific Ocean ambitiously;Japan placed equal emphasis on land and sea and became the dominant power in East Asia.Yang analyzed the underlying causes of China’s loss of maritime power:arrogance,miscalculation,ignorance of current affairs and going against the tide,which is a wake-up call to the Chinese people.Yang Jie is a staunch advocate of see power,arguing that China"naturally needs a strong navy to defend it.""Our aim is to defend our territorial waters,not to compete with maritime powers for hegemony",andChina’s maritime power must be ensured.In modern times,Yang Jie was the first to put forward the proposition of national defense modernization.Yang abandoned the traditional idea of valuing land over sea and advocated sea power from a strategic perspective,which was worthy of foresight.

关 键 词：海权 杨杰 中华民国 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]