基于无人船与GIS的沉陷水域水资源监测研究  

Study on water resources monitoring in subsided water areas based on unmanned surface vehicle and GIS

作　　者：叶伟 徐良骥[1] 张坤[1] 宋承运[1] 张传才[1] 牛亚超 李科 王伟[1] YE Wei;XU Liangji;ZHANG Kun;SONG Chengyun;ZHANG Chuancai;NIU Yachao;LI Ke;WANG Wei(School of Spatial Information and Geomatics Engineering,Anhui University of Science&Technology,Huainan 232000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院,安徽淮南232000

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2020年第9期227-235,共9页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42372369);安徽省对外科技合作资助项目(1503062020)。

摘　　要：张集矿、谢桥矿、丁集矿、顾桥矿及顾北矿5对矿井以往大规模开采煤矿,在矿井附近形成了大范围的沉陷水域,并且大部分沉陷水域处于无利用和网箱养鱼的现状。为了合理利用沉陷水域水资源,需要对其库容量和水下地形进行准确地获取。基于无人船测量水深精度高以及具有目标探测和自动避障等优点,对于40 000 m^2以内的小面积空阔沉陷水域采用遥控器控制模式进行无人船测量,对于大面积网箱(竹竿拉网)覆盖以及超过40 000 m^2的大面积沉陷水域等特殊水域,采用航线规划模式进行无人船测量,对于河蚌养殖、杂草覆盖的特殊沉陷水域,通过机动船载人近距离使用遥控器控制无人船进行测量。无论应对何种类型沉陷水域,无人船测量均采用网格状航行路线,并采用打标点的数据采集模式进行测量,打标点间隔设置为5 m。通过无人船配套软件对水深数据信号进行校正,校正后的数据导入ArcGIS生成水深分布图。通过MATLAB编程构建Delaunay三角网,结合ArcGIS生成水下地形,并利用"表面体积"工具计算水下库容。以淮南矿区为例,分别在枯水期和丰水期对张集矿等5对矿井附近的沉陷水域进行水深测量、水下库容量计算,以及通过TIN获取水下地形。通过利用虚拟CORS参考站技术结合测绳对顾北矿、张集矿附近沉陷水域的检核点进行测量,并与无人船在相应点的测量结果进行对比。计算结果显示:所研究沉陷水域枯水期和丰水期的水下库容分别为1.76亿m^3和2.19亿m^3,同时准确获取了水下地形分布图。结果表明,无人船测量具有较高精度且效率较高,水资源监测结果可为这5对矿井附近的大面积沉陷水域的合理利用提供详细的资料参考。For five pairs of mines such as Zhangji Mine,Xieqiao Mine,Dingji Mine,Guqiao Mine and Gubei Mine,large-scale mining of coal in the past has formed a large range of subsided water areas near the mines,and most of the subsided water areas are in a state of no use and cage fish farming.In order to rationally utilize the water resources of subsided water areas,it is necessary to accurately obtain the reservoir capacity and underwater topography.Based on the unmanned surface vehicle advantages of high precision in water depth measurement and target detection and automatic obstacle avoidance,the unmanned surface vehicle is controlled by a remote control for a small area of air-sinking water within forty thousand m^2,and for large-area cages(bamboo nets)and in special water areas such as large-scale subsided water areas of more than forty thousand m^2,the water depth was measured by designing the route of unmanned surface vehicle on the surface vehicle-controlled computer.For the special subsided water areas covered by river rafts and weeds,through a person on the motor boat using a remote control for the measurement of unmanned surface vehicle.Regardless of the type of subsided water areas,the survey of unmanned surface vehicle adapt a grid-like navigation route and used the data acquisition mode of the marking point,the marking interval is set to 5 m.The water depth data signal was corrected by the water depth processing software,and the corrected data was imported into Arc GIS to generate a water depth distribution map.The Delaunay triangulation was constructed by MATLAB programming,combining with Arc GIS to generate underwater terrain and the"surface"tool was used for the capacity calculation of underwater reservoir.Taking the Huainan mining area as an example,the water depth measurement and capacity calculation of underwater reservoir as well as underwater terrain construction through TIN were carried out in the subsided water areas near the five pairs of mines namely Zhangji Mine,Xieqiao Mine,Dingji Mine,Guqiao Mi

关 键 词：无人船 沉陷水域 水下地形 水下库容 GIS 

分 类 号：TD12ꎻTD67[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]