DNAN/TNAZ最低共熔物的制备及性能  

Preparation and Properties of DNAN/TNAZ Lowest Eutectic Mixture

作　　者：寇勇 宋小兰 刘丽霞 王毅[3] 刘晨丽 郭凯歌 KOU Yong;SONG Xiao-lan;LIU Li-xia;WANG Yi;LIU Chen-li;GUO Kai-ge(School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China,Taiyuan 030051, China;North Blasting Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yangquan Branch ,Yangquan ShanXi 045000, China;School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学环境与安全工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]北方爆破科技有限公司阳泉分公司,山西阳泉045000 [3]中北大学材料科学与工程学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2020年第5期531-536,I0004,共7页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：武器装备预研基金(No.6140656020201)。

摘　　要：制备了2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)和1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷(TNAZ)摩尔比分别为0∶1、1∶3、1∶2、2∶3、1∶1、3∶2、2∶1、3∶1、1∶0的低共熔物;通过对不同摩尔比的DNAN/TNAZ二元低共熔物进行DSC测试,绘制了T—X与H—X相图;通过相图得出了DNAN/TNAZ最低共熔体系的摩尔比,并对其最低共熔物进行了热动力学分析、XRD分析以及TG-MS分析,同时对不同摩尔比的DNAN/TNAZ低共熔物进行了机械感度测试以及爆轰性能计算。结果表明,当DNAN与TNAZ摩尔比为56.65∶43.35时,获得最低共熔物,其最低共熔点为65.14℃,最低共熔物的热分解反应速率常数较小(k=0.40s-1),反应过程需要吸收热量,活化自由能(ΔG≠)为20.29kJ/mol,活化焓(ΔH≠)为61.92kJ/mol,活化熵(ΔS≠)为78.76J/(mol·K),反应过程熵值增加;XRD测试表明最低共熔物在35.43°处产生了一定的分子间作用力;热分解的主要产物为H2O、C2H6、NO、N2、CO、N2O、CO2、CH4,同时还有少量的NO2。DNAN/TNAZ最低共熔物的撞击感度(H50)为56cm,摩擦感度为0,理论爆速为7310.8m/s,理论爆热为6273.7kJ/kg。The eutectic mixture of 2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN)and 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine(TNAZ)with the molar ratios of 0∶1,1∶3,1∶2,2∶3,1∶1,3∶2,2∶1,3∶1,1∶0 were prepared.The T—X and H—X phase diagrams were drawn according to the DSC test results performed on DNAN/TNAZ binary eutectic mixtures with different molar ratios.The ratio of DNAN/TNAZ lowest eutectic mixture was further obtained from the phase diagram,and thermodynamic analysis,XRD analysis and TG-MS analysis were applied to the eutectic mixture.The mechanical sensitivity test and detonation performance calculation were performed on DNAN/TNAZ eutectic mixtures with different molar ratios.The results show that the lowest extectic mixture can be obtained when the molar ralio of DNAN to TNAZ is 56.65∶43.35 with the lowest extectic temperature of 65.14℃.The eutectic mixture has a small thermal decomposition reaction rate(k=0.40s-1),and the reaction process needs to absorb heat.In addition,the activation free energy(ΔG≠)is 20.29kJ/mol,the activation enthalpy(ΔH≠)is 61.92kJ/mol,the activation entropy(ΔS≠)is 78.76J/(mol·K),and the value of entropy increases during the reaction.XRD test shows that the lowest eutectic mixture produces a certain intermolecular force at 35.43°.Besides a small amount of NO2,the main decomposition products are H2O,C2H6,NO,N2,CO,N2O,CO2,CH4.The impact sensitivity(H50)of the lowest eutectic mixture of DNAN/TNAZ is 56cm,friction sensitivity is 0,theoretical detonation velocity is 7310.8m/s,and theoretical detonation heat is 6273.7kJ/kg.

关 键 词：物理化学 低共熔炸药 DNAN TNAZ 二元相图 活化自由能 分解产物 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]