湖南省油后直播棉花测土配方施肥指标体系  

Establishing Fertilization Recommendation Index of Direct Seeding Cotton after Rape Harvest on the“3414”Field Experiments in Hunan

作　　者：李飞[1] 李彩红[1] 赵瑞元[1] 梅正鼎[1] 郭莉莉 刘冰蕾 何叔军[1] 张志刚[1] LI Fei;LI Caihong;ZHAO Ruiyuan;MEI Zhengding;GUO Lili;LIU Binglei;HE Shujun;ZHANG Zhigang(Cotton Sciences Research Institute of Hunan,Changde Hunan 415101,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省棉花科学研究所,湖南常德415101

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第11期1961-1970,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“棉花化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201901);国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-18-43);常德科技创新发展专项资金(2019N150)。

摘　　要：【目的】以试验点土壤肥力为依据,通过田间试验,获得最佳肥料施用量和最佳养分配比,为湖南省棉花科学施肥技术研究提供依据,为长江流域其他地区的油后直播棉花高效施肥技术研究提供参考。【方法】采用“3414”方案设计:氮、磷、钾3个因素、4个水平、14个处理。14个处理分别为:(1)N0P0K0;(2)N0P2K2;(3)N1P2K2;(4)N2P0K2;(5)N2P1K2;(6)N2P2K2;(7)N2P3K2;(8)N2P2K0;(9)N2P2K1;(10)N2P2K3;(11)N3P2K2;(12)N1P1K2;(13)N1P2K1;(14)N2P1K1。【结果】油后直播棉花土壤养分分级指标和推荐施肥量:低等级(AN 30~55 mg/kg、AP 2~4 mg/kg、AK 25~45 mg/kg)时,氮(N)、磷(P20)、钾肥(K2O)施用量分别为300~350、120~140和270~320 kg/hm^2;较低等级(AN 55~110 mg/kg、AP 4-8 mg/kg、AK 45~80 mg/kg)时,氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为250~300、100~120和225~270 kg/hm^2;中等级(AN110~220 mg/kg、AP 8~19 mg/kg、AK 80~155 mg/kg)时,氮、磷和钾肥用量分别为200~250、70~100和175~225 kg/hm^2;较高等级(AN220-430 mg/kg、AP 19-43 mg/kg、AK 155~290 mg/kg)时,氮、磷和钾肥用量分别为145-200、50~70和125~175 kg/hm^2;高等级(AN>430 mg/kg、AP>43 mg/kg、AK>290 mg/kg)时,氮、磷和钾肥用量分别为0~145、0~50和0~125 kg/hm^2。【结论】以籽棉3750 kg/hm^2为目标产量,将土壤养分含量水平按相对产量划分为“高”、“较高”、“中”、“较低”、“低”和“极低”6个等级,建立了湖南省主产棉花油后直播棉花土壤速效氮磷钾丰缺指标。【Objective】To obtain the best amount of fertilizer application and the best ratio of nutrients based on the soil fertility of the experimental site through the field experiment in the hope of providing the basis for the research of scientific fertilization technology of cotton in Hunan Province and also the reference for the research of high-efficiency fertilization technology of direct seeding cotton after oil in other areas of the Yangtze River Basin.【Methods】In this study,"3414"experimental design was used.“3414”design referred to three factors(N,P and K),four levels and 14 treatments.The 14 treatments were(1)N0P0K0;(2)N0P2K2;(3)N1P2K2;(4)N2P0K2;(5)N2P1K2;(6)N2P2K2;(7)N2P3K2;(8)N2P2K0;(9)N2P2K1;(10)N2P2K3;(11)N3P2K2;(12)N1P1K2;(13)N1P2K1;(14)N2P1K1.【Results】The results showed that Nitrogen fertilizer rates(N)were 300-350,250-300,200-250,145-200,and 0-145 kg/hm^2 when soil fertilizer was classified by low,lower,medium,higher and high(AN 30-55,55-110,110-220,220-430 and>430 mg/kg),respectively,phosphorus fertilizer rates(P205)were 120-140,100-120,70-100,50-70,0-50 kg/hm^2(AP 2-4,4-8,8-19,19-43 and>43 mg/kg),while potassium fertilizer rates(K2O)were 270-320,225-270,175-225,125-175,0-125 kg/hm^2(AK 25-45,45-80,80-155,155-290 and>290 mg/kg).【Conclusion】Taking 3750kg/hm^2 of seed cotton as the target yield,the index of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of direct seeding cotton after oiling and the recommended amount of fertilizer were established in Hunan Province.

关 键 词：“3414”试验 养分分级指标 相对产量 推荐施肥 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]