施磷对棉花磷素积累、分配、利用及产量的影响  

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer Application on P Accumulation,Distribution,Utilization and Yield of Cotton

作　　者：张炎[1,2] 姚银坤 胡伟[1] 高媛[1] 汤明尧[1] ZHANG Yan;YAO Yinkun;HU We;GAO Yuan;TANG Mingyao(Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Key Laboratory of Desert-oasis Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第11期2004-2011,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200102,2017YFD0201900);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201702);国际植物营养研究所(BPC-Xinjiang-cotton)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同磷肥用量对海岛棉和陆地棉2个栽培种各主要生育阶段磷养分吸收、积累和分配规律,分析棉花对磷素营养的利用特性和磷肥效应。【方法】通过田间小区试验,在氮钾用量相同情况下,设置4个不同磷肥用量处理。【结果】2个棉花栽培种全生育过程的磷积累趋势相似,磷积累量随增施磷肥用量而增加,吐絮成熟期,生殖器官的磷积累量远大于营养器官。从各生育期磷的积累量看,陆地棉对磷的吸收量要明显大于海岛棉。施磷对棉花增产,主要是增加了棉花单株铃数。海岛棉和陆地棉P2处理分别比P0处理增产11.16%和16%。由磷肥效应方程:海岛棉推荐施P2O5量为118.6 kg/hm^2,陆地棉推荐施P2O5量为80 kg/hm^2。海岛棉100 kg皮棉需要吸收P2O5平均为3.7 kg,陆地棉100 kg皮棉需要吸收P2O5平均为4.21 kg。【结论】施磷可以增加棉花对磷的吸收和积累,合理施用磷肥可以显著增加棉花产量。陆地棉磷的农学利用率、表观利用率和偏生产力都高于海岛棉,陆地棉较海岛棉对磷肥的吸收能力更强。【Objective】To study the rule of phosphorus absorption,accumulation,distribution and utilization character of the two kind of cotton cultispecies:Gossypium barbadense L.and Gossypium hirsutum L.during the main growth and development stage and reveal the utilization characteristics and P fertilizer domino effect of cotton on phosphorus nutrition.【Method】Four different phosphate fertilizer treatments were arranged under the same rates of nitrogen and potassium in the field experiments.【Result】The trend of the phosphorus accumulation was similar in total growth stages on two kind of cotton cultispecies.The phosphorus accumulation increased with P fertilizer application added.The phosphorus accumulation in reproductive organ was much higher than that in nutrient organ of cotton at boll opening stage.The P absorptive amount in Gossypium barbadense L.was significantly more than that in Gossypium hirsutum L.in total growth stages.P fertilizer application could increase yield because it increased the boll number of per plant.P2 treatment increased yield by 11.16%and 16%respectively comparing to P0 treatment in Gossypium hirsutum L.and Gossypium barbadense L.Phosphorus fertilizer effect equation:the recommended P2O5 of Gossypium barbadense L.was 118.6 kg/hm^2,and the recommended P2O5 of Gossypium hirsutum L.was 80 kg/hm^2.3.7 kg and 4.21 kg P2O5 in Gossypium barbadense L.and Gossypium hirsutum L.should be absorbed respectively if 100 kg lint cotton yield was obtained.【Conclusion】P fertilizer application can increase the absorption and accumulation of phosphorus in cottonand rational P fertilizer application can significantly increase cotton yield.The agronomic utilization,apparent utilization and partial productivity of up-land cotton were higher than those of island cotton and the absorption capacity of up-land cotton is stronger than that of Sea Island cotton.

关 键 词：海岛棉 磷 陆地棉 磷肥利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]