色季拉山沿海拔梯度的森林群落分布格局及环境解释  

Distribution Pattern and Environmental Interpretation of Forest Communities along Elevation Gradients in Sejila Mountain

作　　者：高辉 刘丽娟[6] 方江平 GAO Hui;LIU Li-juan;FANG Jiang-ping(Res.Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology,Tibet Agriculture&Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,China;Tibet Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Plateau Area,Ministry of Education,Nyingchi 860000,China;National Key Station of Field Scientific Observation&Experiment,Nyingchi 860000,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Plateau Area,Tibet Autonomous Region,Nyingchi 860000,China;United Key Laboratories of Ecological Security,Tibet Autonomous Region,Nyingchi 860000,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637002,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所,中国林芝860000 [2]西藏高原森林生态教育部重点实验室,中国林芝860000 [3]西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,中国林芝860000 [4]西藏自治区高原森林生态实验室,中国林芝860000 [5]西藏自治区生态安全联合实验室,中国林芝860000 [6]西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院,中国南充637002

出　　处：《湖南师范大学自然科学学报》2020年第5期39-47,64,共10页Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：“973”国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2016YFC0502006)。

摘　　要：选取西藏高山生态系统典型代表地区色季拉山作为研究对象,对色季拉山不同海拔梯度开展多样性格局、群落物种组成和环境解释研究,探讨色季拉山群落沿海拔梯度分布格局及环境变量对其影响的响应等问题。研究发现色季拉山群落分布格局的变化主要由海拔决定,总的物种丰富度沿海拔梯度呈下降分布格局,空间变量和环境变量显著影响群落物种的丰富度和物种组成,相似的群落具有相似的生境偏好。考察环境因子对不同生活型的物种丰富度的影响情况,发现影响色季拉山乔木物种丰富度沿海拔梯度分布格局的主要环境因子是干扰程度、坡向以及土壤中的总碳和总氮含量;影响灌木物种丰富度的是海拔;影响草本物种丰富度的是海拔和湿度,影响不同生活型的物种丰富度的是不同类别的环境因子。研究区域物种的共有度也反映了群落间的相互关系沿环境梯度的物种替代,色季拉山阳坡的共有度远高于阴坡,共有度随群落间的海拔差增大而减小,充分反映出每一个群落都有自己独特的“家族系列”组成,色季拉山群落构建主要表现为生境过滤的模式,物种的共存过程主要受环境选择的驱动。Exploring the distribution pattern of communities can well reveal the spatial distribution of plant communities and mechanism of maintaining species diversity.The Sejila Mountain,a typical representative area of the Tibetan alpine ecosystem,was selected as our research object.The diversity pattern,species composition,and environmental interpretation of different altitude gradients of the Sejila Mountain were studied in this work.Scientific issues such as the distribution pattern of the Sejila community along the altitude gradient and the response of environmental variables to it were discussed.Our study results show that changes in the distribution pattern of the Sejila community are mainly determined by the altitude.The total species richness decreases along the altitude gradient,and spatial and environmental variables significantly affect the species richness and species composition of the community.Similar communities have similar habitat preferences.Using environmental factors to further screen species richness in different life forms,we found that the main environmental factors affecting the pattern of the distribution of arbor species richness along the elevation gradient in the Sejila Mountain are the degree of disturbance,the aspect,and the total carbon and total nitrogen contents in soil.The altitude affects bush species richness.The factors of both altitude and humidity affect herb species richness.The species richness that affects different life forms is different types of environmental factors.The common degree of species in the studied area also reflects the correlation between community species substitution along the environmental gradient.The shared degree of the sun slope of the Sejila Mountain is much higher than that of the shaded slope.As the altitude difference between communities increases,the degree of commonality decreases.This result suggests that each community has its own unique"family series"composition.The construction of the Sejila community is mainly manifested by the mode of habitat

关 键 词：色季拉山 物种多样性 海拔梯度 分布格局 环境解释 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]