试析1054年教会大分裂之因  

The Causes of the Schism of 1054

作　　者：张日元 ZHANG Riyuan

机构地区：[1]泰山学院历史学院,271021

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2020年第5期77-85,167,共10页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“拜占廷历史与文化研究”(14ZDB061);国家社科基金项目“4-6世纪罗马帝国基督教化研究”(15BSS006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：几乎与罗马帝国同时兴起的基督教在传布过程中,因受希腊和拉丁两大文化的影响,具有了不同的文化“基因”,进而形成了统一基督教王国中的希腊和拉丁两大教会共同体,即我们所熟悉的东、西方教会。随着帝国的东、西分治,以及西罗马帝国的灭亡和日耳曼国家的兴起,东、西方教会也处于了不同的政治环境中,双方渐行渐远。同时,罗马教宗对普世教会至高权威地位的坚持必然会与君士坦丁堡牧首地位的上升产生冲突,于是,对普世教会至高权威地位的争夺成为东、西方教会冲突的焦点与“死结”。1054年,罗马教宗和君士坦丁堡牧首的强硬个性的碰撞、以及教义和礼拜仪式方面的争执,成为教会大分裂的导火索。1054年教会大分裂事件的发生,看似偶然,实为必然。Christianity,which rose almost together with the Roman Empire,was deeply affected by two different cultures--Greek culture and Latin culture,so it had different cultural"genes",and developed the Greek and Latin Churches,namely,the Great Churches of the East and the West.With the division of the Roman Empire,the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of the German states,the Great Churches of the East and the West went far gradually.The Popes of Rome who claimed the sovereignty of the Church inevitably came into conflict with the Patriarchs of Constantine who were striving for the same right as the Popes.Therefore,the striving for the sovereignty of the Church became the focus and"fast knot".The collision of the strong personalities between the Pope and the Patriarch,the dispute over the creeds and rites finally ignited the 1054 Schism.Obviously,the Schism of 1054 was not accidental but inevitable.

关 键 词：东方教会 西方教会 教会大分裂 原因 

分 类 号：K131[历史地理—历史学]