堰塞坝溃坝模型实验研究综述  

REVIEW OF MODEL EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON BREAK OF LANDSLIDE DAMS

作　　者：彭铭[1,2] 王开放 张公鼎 马晨议 朱艳 PENG Ming;WANG Kaifang;ZHANG Gongding;MA Chenyi;ZHU Yan(Department of Geotechnical Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;China Shipbuilding NDRI Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200063,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ocean&Shipbuilding Maritime Engineering,Shanghai 200063,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学地下建筑与工程系,上海200092 [2]同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [3]中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司,上海200063 [4]上海市海洋工程及船厂水工特种工程研究中心,上海200063

出　　处：《工程地质学报》2020年第5期1007-1015,共9页Journal of Engineering Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(资助号:41877234,41731283);上海市青年科技启明星计划(资助号:20QB1406000)。

摘　　要：堰塞坝是天然形成的坝体,结构比较松散、稳定性差、渗透作用强,发生溃决危险性大、概率高、突发性强,而且破坏可能性高及产生的洪水威胁人们的生命和财产安全,因此需要系统、全面的研究。作者从单坝溃坝、级联溃坝及堰塞坝处置的溃坝试验进行详细的回顾,总结及分析了国内外学者在堰塞坝溃坝模型实验取得的成果及局限性,进一步分析了单坝溃决的颗粒级配、密实度、含水率、沟床坡度等因素,最后讨论了溃坝因素与溃决模式、溃决特征、溃决流量、溃口演化的关系。基于模型实验相似理论及模型比尺、实验测试手段、堰塞坝处置三个方面,提出了今后的研究重点。Landslide dam are naturally formed dams with the characteristics of the loose structure,poor stability and strong permeability.Once a landslide dam is formed,its high probability of breaching and the flood caused by its breaching may threaten the safety of people and property in local area.Therefore,a systematic and comprehensive study needs to be conducted to analyze the breaching characteristics of landslide dam.In this article,a detail review from model experimental studies on dam break of landslide dam is conducted.The results and limitations are analyzed and summarized.Moreover,the factors of particle size distribution,compactness,water content and bed slope of single dam break are also analyzed.Finally we discuss the relationship among the dam break factor and the failure mode,the characteristics of dam breaching,peak discharge,and downcutting process.On the basis of the systematic analysis of the breaching of landslide dams,it’s suggested that further studies of model similarity theory,scaling effect,testing methods and the disposal of landslide dam may be carried out in the future.

关 键 词：堰塞坝 溃坝 模型实验 

分 类 号：TV12[水利工程—水文学及水资源]