日本海上执法管理体制建设研究--以《海上保安厅法》为中心  

Research on the Construction of Japan's Maritime Law Enforcement Management System——Focusing on The Japan Coast Guard Act

作　　者：米多 Mi Duo

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《日本研究》2020年第3期17-24,共8页Japan Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“全球海洋治理新态势下中国海洋安全法律保障问题研究”(172DA146)。

摘　　要：早在20世纪早期,日本的中央各级行政机关就针对海上执法问题展开合作,形成了以“帝国”海军为核心的综合性海上保安管理体制。二战以后,日本政府制定并颁布《海上保安厅法》,并建立了以海上保安厅为核心的海上执法管理体制。但是《海上保安厅法》是战后日本政府内部相互斗争与妥协的结果,海上保安厅的职责权限受到其后形成的日本国内法体系的严重制约。近年来日本政府不断扩大海上保安官的执法权,对日本海上执法管理体制建设造成严重影响。建设综合性海上执法管理体制是一项庞大的国家规划,除有赖于坚实的法律基础外,更需要中央与地方各级行政机关之间的密切配合,以及地方民众和沿海渔船民的支持。As early as the early 20th century,Japan's central administrative agencies at all levels cooperated on maritime law enforcement issues and formed a comprehensive maritime security management system with the Imperial Navy as the core.After World War II,Japan formulated and promulgated the"Marine Security Agency Law"and established a maritime law enforcement management system with the Maritime Security Agency as the core.However,the Maritime Security Agency law was the result of the struggle and compromise within the Japanese government after the war.The duties and responsibilities of the Maritime Security Agency were severely constrained by the Japanese domestic legal system formed afterwards.In recent years,the Japanese government has continuously expanded the law enforcement powers of maritime security officers,which has had a serious impact on the construction of Japan's maritime law enforcement management system.Building a comprehensive maritime law enforcement management system is a huge national plan.It does not only rely on solid legal foundations but also requires close cooperation between the central and local administrative agencies at all levels,as well as the local people and coastal fishermen's support.

关 键 词：日本 海上执法 《 海上保安厅法》 海洋管理 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学]