植物对降水截留的研究进展  

Research Progress of Precipitation Interception by Plants

作　　者：郭建平[1,2] Guo Jianping(Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Collaborative Imouation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorolo gical Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预警预报与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2020年第6期641-652,共12页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：中国气象科学研究院科技发展基金(2019KJ006)。

摘　　要：降水资源是植物生长发育和产量形成的主要水分来源,植物通过吸收土壤中的水分维持正常生长发育,降水不仅影响自然植物物种分布,也影响植物生产力。由于未考虑植物冠层对降水的截留作用,在水资源评估和农田水分平衡研究中往往高估降水作用,因此,讨论降水截留在水文生态学和农业气象学中均有重要意义。该文系统介绍降水截留的观测方法,包括间接测量法中各分量测定方法、直接测量法详细过程及应用各种方法需注意的问题;系统回顾有关森林和农作物对降水截留的研究成果;探讨在植物对降水截留研究中存在的主要问题:对截留概念的理解不同导致截留测定结果差异显著,没有完善的方法导致测定结果准确性不足,植物种植密度不同导致截留差异,降水强度不同导致截留差异,风速、植物形态结构、叶片表面特性等因素也会影响降水截留的大小。降水过程中植物叶面蒸发问题、降雪的截留问题、风的影响、研究尺度、研究方法以及综合模拟模型将是未来研究的重点和难点。Precipitation resource is the main water source for plant growth and development and yield formation.Plants maintain normal growth and development by absorbing water from soil.Precipitation is not only related to species distribution of natural plants,but also closely related to plant productivity.However,the role of precipitation is often overestimated in water resources assessment and farmland water balance research because the interception of precipitation by plant canopy is not considered.Therefore,the study of precipitation interception is of great significance in hydro-ecology and agrometeorology.Indirect and direct methods of estimating precipitation interception are introduced.Indirect measurement method is known as water balance method,and measurement methods of each component and the calculation method of precipitation interception are introduced.Direct measurement method is also known as the weighing method,the detailed operation process of various direct measurement methods,as well as the relevant problems that should be paid attention to in various methods are introduced.There are many researches on the precipitation interception by forest at home and abroad,involving interception storage,interception rate,interception model and other aspects,almost of these research results are obtained based on the indirect measurement method under natural precipitation.Many researches on precipitation interception of the crop focus on corn and wheat,but few on other crops,most of them are based on artificial sprinkling irrigation or simulated precipitation,and few of them are carried out under natural precipitation.The main problems existing in estimating precipitation interception by plants are discussed.First,different understanding of the concept of precipitation interception leads to significant differences in results of interception measurement.Second,there is no perfect method at present,which leads to the insufficient accuracy of results.Third,different planting density of plants leads to different throughf

关 键 词：植物 降水截留 降水资源评估 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]