减刑、假释适用比例失衡的成因与立法应对  

On the Causes of the Unbalanced Application of Commutation and Parole in China and Its Legislative Solutions

作　　者：王平[1] WANG Ping(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《北京联合大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第4期54-60,共7页Journal of Beijing Union University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：目前,学术界、实务界对减刑的弊端进行了较为充分的反思,基本上就限制减刑、扩大假释达成共识,但缺乏从理论根基上对其成因进行深入探讨,就事论事居多。减刑弊端存在最为根本的原因,是减刑、假释制度设计本身存在问题,即在制度设计上,减刑、假释两者适用标准有一部分交叉竞合,而两者竞合的部分被减刑抢先适用,减刑适用数量巨大,使得后面剩下来可以适用假释的空间被大大压缩。应当正确理解我国刑法中减刑和假释各自不同的法律定性,假释属于典型的监禁刑替代措施,而减刑则具有赦免性质。应当将我国现行减刑制度中不适合作为赦免方式处理的内容排除出去,纳入假释调整的范围,减刑仅适用于“犯人有立功表现”,使减刑适用范围大为压缩。At present,both the academic and practice circles have fully reflected the disadvantages of commutation,and basically reached a consensus on restricting commutation and expanding parole.However,they have not dived into the theoretical basis of the causes for the disadvantages,and instead focused more often on the effects caused by these disadvantages.This paper argues that the most fundamental problems lie in the design of the commutation and parole systems.In other words,the applicable standards of commutation and parole are overlapped to such an extent that the most of the overlapped parts are applied in advance by commutation,leaving little room for parole.Therefore,we should correctly understand the different legal nature of commutation and parole in China’s criminal law,in which parole is a typical alternative to imprisonment,while commutation has the nature of pardon.We should bring the content which is not suitable to be regarded as a way of pardoning in China’s current commutation system into the scope of parole system.In this way,commutation will only be applicable to"prisoners who have performed meritorious service,"which will greatly reduce the scope of commutation application.

关 键 词：减刑 假释 赦免 监禁刑替代措施 

分 类 号：D924.134[政治法律—刑法学]