有氧运动对人体微血管反应性的作用及机制研究进展  

Research progress in effects and mechanisms of aerobic exercise on human microvascular reactivity

作　　者：朱欢[1,2] 高炳宏 ZHU Huan;GAO Bing-Hong(School of Sports Science,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;School of Sports,Hubei Nationalities University,Enshi 445000,China;School of Sports Education and Training,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438 [2]湖北民族大学体育学院,恩施445000 [3]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438

出　　处：《生命科学》2020年第8期855-863,共9页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFF0301603);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31771316);2019年湖北省教育厅科学研究项目(B2019088)。

摘　　要：采用文献资料法总结有氧运动对普通人群、运动员、慢性病患者微血管反应性的干预效应及可能机制,为有氧运动干预过程中微血管功能的研究提供理论支撑。研究表明:(1)有氧运动能提高普通人群(中老年)、耐力性运动员微血管反应性,预防与减少慢性疾病的发生,提升运动表现;(2)有氧运动能改善代谢性疾病、心血管疾病、癌症等疾病患者微血管反应性,促进患者康复,但人体研究案例较少,未来应加强人体干预研究,提高研究成果的科学性和应用性;(3)微血管流体剪切应力增大是有氧运动提高微血管反应性的主要生物学机制。此外,血管内皮生长因子生成增加、线粒体动力学改善、胰岛素水平与敏感性提高、促炎性细胞因子水平降低等在提高微血管反应性中也起到重要作用。The aim of this research is to review the intervention effects and potential mechanisms of aerobic exercise on the microvascular reactivity of general population,athletes,and patients with chronic diseases,and provide the studies of microvascular function with theoretical supports during the intervention of aerobic exercise.The main results were as follows.(1)Aerobic exercise can enhance the microvascular reactivity of general population and endurance athletes,and control chronic diseases and improve sport performance.(2)Aerobic exercise can improve the microvascular reactivity of patients with metabolic,cardiovascular,cancer and other diseases,and promote the patients’recovery.However,there are few studies about the intervention research and more cases should be added to improve the scientificity and applicability of the research results in the future.(3)The increases of fluid shear stress in microvascular is the main biological mechanism of aerobic exercise that improves the microvascular reactivity.In addition,the production and increasing release of vascular endothelial growth factor,the improvement of mitochondrial dynamics,the enhancement of insulin levels and sensitivity,and the decreasing level of proinflammatory cytokine also play an important role in the improvement of microvascular reactivity.

关 键 词：有氧运动 慢性病 微血管反应性 微循环血流灌注量 流体剪切应力 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学] R339.4[文化科学—体育学]