不同播种方式和施氮量对滴灌冬小麦氮素利用特征的影响  

Effects of Different Sowing Methods and Nitrogen Application Amount on Nitrogen Use Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：李国坤 张建芳 王冀川[1] 林熬 李同蕊 高振 乌日娜 Li Guokun;Zhang Jianfang;Wang Jichuan;Lin Ao;Li Tongrui;Gao Zhen;Wu Rina(College of Plant Science,Tarim University,Alar,Xingjiang 843300)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2020年第3期50-60,共11页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“新疆滴灌小麦水分高效利用原理与调控机理研究”(31260303);塔里木大学校长基金项目“滴灌小麦群体质量调控效应与高产途径研究”(TDZKGG201702);大学生创新创业训练计划项目“种植方式与施氮量对滴灌冬小麦群体结构及氮素利用效率的影响”(2019008)。

摘　　要：以邯郸5316为供试材料,采用裂区田间试验设计,主区为条播(B1)、穴播(B2)和撒播(B3)三个播种方式,副区为不施氮(N0)、138 kg/hm^2(N1)、207 kg/hm^2(N2)和276 kg/hm^2(N3)四个施氮量水平,研究不同播种方式和施氮量对滴灌冬小麦氮肥利用特征的影响。结果表明:(1)拔节至扬花期是滴灌冬小麦氮素积累高峰期,其氮素积累占总氮素积累量的61.45%~70.38%。各营养器官氮素转运量表现为:叶片>茎鞘>颖壳+穗轴,叶片、茎鞘和颖轴氮素运转对籽粒的贡献率分别为:25.62%~30.40%、20.90%~24.51%和4.13%~6.70%,氮肥农学利用率为:9.66%~21.71%,氮肥偏生产力为:24.28%~52.60%,氮肥利用效率为:9.34%~26.86%。在条播或穴播条件下,施氮量为207 kg/hm^2时能显著提高氮素利用效率;(2)施氮量增加,氮平衡指数增加,在扬花期达最大,灌浆期以后快速下降,条播、穴播和撒播下降速率不同,灌浆期至成熟期其平均下降了47.56%、20.62%和53.03%。Handan 5316 was used as the test material,and the field test design of split area was adopted.The main area was row sow⁃ing(B1),hole sowing(B2)and sowing(B3).The sub areas were no nitrogen(N0),138 kg/hm^2(N1),207 kg/hm^2(N2)and 276 kg/hm^2(N2).The effects of different sowing methods and nitrogen rates on the physiological characteristics and yield of drip irrigation winter wheat were studied.The results showed that:(1)Jointing to flowering was the peak of nitrogen accumulation,which accounted for 61.45%-70.38%of the total nitrogen accumulation.The nitrogen transport capacity of each nutrient organ is as follows:leaf>stem sheath>glume+spike axis.The contribution rate of nitrogen transport of leaf,stem sheath and glume axis to grain is 25.62%-30.40%,20.90%-24.51%and 4.13%-6.70%respectively.The agricultural utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 9.66%-21.71%,the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer is 24.28%-52.60%,and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer is 9.34%-26.86%.When the amount of nitrogen application was 207 kg/hm^2,the nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat planted in row or in hole could be improved significantly;(2)With the increase of nitrogen application,the nitrogen balance index(NBI)increased,and reached the maximum at flowering stage.After filling stage,The decline rate of NBI of strip sowing,hole sowing and seeding were different,and the average de⁃cline rate were 47.56%,20.62%and 53.03%respectively from grain filling stage to mature stage.

关 键 词：滴灌 冬小麦 播种方式 施氮量 氮素积累与转运 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311