公民姓名权的行政法双重保护  

Dual Protection of Citizen’s Right of Name in Administrative Law Approach

作　　者：陈锦波 CHEN Jin-bo(China University of Political Science and Law Procedural Law Research Institute,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2020年第5期135-148,共14页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：公民姓名权,是指公民所享有的自由决定、使用或变更自身姓名而不受他人干涉、盗用和假冒的权利。对于公民姓名权,行政机关负有消极不干预和积极促进的双重保护义务。一方面,作为一项基本权利,公民姓名权原则上不受行政权的任意干预;只有在公民姓名权的行使妨碍公共利益的实现时,行政机关方有介入的空间。然而,此时行政机关对公民姓名权行使的干涉,仍旧受到由法律保留原则、比例原则和行政程序正当原则所构成的阶层化原则体系的限制。另一方面,行政机关还担负有增进公民姓名权实现的积极义务:对于公民合法行使姓名权的行为,行政机关不但应当认真履行协助公民完成姓名登记或变更的法定职责,保证公民姓名登记信息的准确和完整,还应当切实维护公民的姓名保有权,并在公民姓名权受到侵害时提供救济。Citizen’s right of name refers to the right that citizens decide freely,use or change their own names without interference,embezzlement or counterfeiting.The administrative organs has the dual protection obligations of passive non-intervention and positive promotion in the free exercise of citizens’right of name.On one hand,as a constitutional right,citizen’s right of name cannot be arbitrarily interfered by public power in principle;only when the exercise of citizen’s right of name hinders the realization of public interests,there is room for the authority to intervene.However,the interference of public powers in the exercise of citizen’s right of name is still subject to the restriction of the hierarchical principle system consisting of the principle of legal reservation,the principle of proportionality and the principle of due process of administration.On the other hand,modern countries also have positive obligations to contribute to the realization of citizen’s right of name:as to the lawful exercise of citizen’s right of name,administrative organs should not only conscientiously fulfill their legal duty to assist citizens to complete the registration or change of their names,ensure the accuracy and integrity of the information of citizen’s name registration,but also earnestly safeguard the citizen’s right to keep their names,and protect them when their right of name is infringed.

关 键 词：公民姓名权 公共利益 行政机关的双重保护义务 行政机关的消极义务 行政机关的积极义务 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]