论转基因食品标识的使用标准及其限度  

Determination of Standards for the Use of Labeling of Genetically Modified Food

作　　者：陆海波 LU Hai-bo(Law School of Southeast University,Nanjing 211189)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2020年第5期149-160,共12页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：转基因食品标识使用标准的规范及理论研究均有缺失,而司法裁判所形成的标准不具有普适性。需要从保障消费者知情权的规制目的出发,并对知情权产生的需求予以区分,即正面标识源于消费者对风险信息知情的需求,反面标识源于对饮食习惯或宗教信仰的知情需求。只有基于此而形成的正面标识的产品性标准与反面标识的过程性标准,才能适应对转基因食品标识规制的要求。此外,通过比例原则的适用对使用标准进行限制,防止知情权过度扩张,采取正面标识的主体豁免与含量豁免及反面标识的禁止情形是行之有效的。The legal norm and theoretical researches of the standards for the use of genetically modified foods are lacking,and the standards formed by courts are not universal.It is necessary to base on the purpose of protecting consumer’s right to know and to distinguish between the needs of the right to know.The positive labeling is based on the consumer’s need for informed knowledge of the risk information,thus forming a product standard.The negative labeling is based on the informed demand for dietary habits or religious beliefs,thus forming a procedural standard.Only in this way,the standards are adapted to the requirements for the regulation of labeling of genetically modified foods.In addition,the standards should be restricted by the application of the proportional principle to prevent excessive expansion of the right to know,so the subject exemption and content exemption of the positive labeling and the exception prohibition of the negative labeling are prescribed.

关 键 词：转基因食品标识 使用标准 知情权 比例原则 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]