太平天国常昭占领区的抗粮抗税风潮及其成因  

Local Residents’Objection to Paying Grain and Taxes in Changshu and Zhaowen under the Rule of Taiping Army

作　　者：刘晨[1] LIU Chen

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,100871

出　　处：《史林》2020年第4期96-114,220,共20页Historical Review

摘　　要：太平天国运动作为中国旧式农民起义的最高峰,其正面意义不容否定。但太平天国占领区也发生了诸多民众抗粮抗税的行动,以后期苏南的常熟、昭文地区最为典型和突出。其数量之多、规模之大、烈度之强,以致于在太平天国辖区形成了一股抗争风潮。据现有资料统计分析,1860年代太平天国基层社会治理存在的突出问题,包括重赋、苛税以及兼收租粮、复生漕弊等,共同促生了常昭地区在太平天国短短两年多统治期内以20次民众抗粮抗税行动为主的抗争风潮。在其他太平军占领区也大都有抗粮抗税发生,太平天国在稳定社会秩序和推行社会战略的尝试中,广泛而频繁地引发激变四野的民众抗争,这展现了旧式农民运动的局限性,也为客观理性总结太平天国的经验教训提供了新的视角。Extant materials indicate that there were as many as twenty incidents in which the local residents in Changshu and Zhaowen refused to pay grain and taxes to the Taiping Army in the 1860s.These incidents revealed that the Taiping Army had very limited ability to stabilize the social order and implement its social strategy.In a word,there were serious problems in the Taiping-style administration of the grass-roots society.

关 键 词：抗粮抗税 民变成因 常昭地区 太平天国 

分 类 号：K254[历史地理—历史学]