二倍体及其同源四倍体泡桐木材特性的变异分析和评价  

Variation analysis and evaluation of wood characteristics of diploid Paulownia and its autotetraploid

作　　者：赵振利[1] 王晓丹 范国强[1] ZHAO Zhenli;WANG Xiaodan;FAN Guoqiang(College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学林学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2020年第5期803-809,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD060050604)。

摘　　要：为了研究不同倍性泡桐木材特性的变异规律,分析了四倍体南方泡桐、四倍体毛泡桐、四倍体豫杂一号泡桐及其对应二倍体的木材纤维形态、干缩率、基本密度、白度、力学性能和化学成分。结果表明,四倍体泡桐的纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维长宽比均大于对应二倍体泡桐,其中,四倍体豫杂一号泡桐的平均纤维长度最长达到1079.34μm。木材干缩率、基本密度和白度测定分析结果表明,与二倍体泡桐相比,四倍体泡桐的木材干缩率明显降低而基本密度和白度明显升高,其中四倍体豫杂一号泡桐的基本密度升高比率高达52.94%。木材力学性能研究结果显示,二倍体与四倍体力学性能指标间均存在显著性差异,四倍体泡桐相比于二倍体泡桐平均顺纹抗拉强度、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和硬度分别提升5.90%、5.63%、6.16%、64.54%和35.83%。木材化学成分分析结果表明,四倍体南方泡桐、四倍体毛泡桐、四倍体豫杂一号泡桐木材的抽提物、木质素含量小于其二倍体,纤维素、综纤维素含量大于其二倍体,表明四倍体泡桐较其二倍体更适宜作为造纸原料。综合木材特性研究结果,四倍体豫杂一号泡桐是适宜制造家具等木材工业和造纸工业的优良品种,可大面积推广应用。In order to study the variation rule of wood properties of Paulownia with different ploidy,the wood fiber morphology,dry shrinkage,basic density,white degree,mechanical property and chemical composition of tetraploid Paulownia australia,tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa,tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa×Paulownia fortunei and their corresponding diploid Paulownia were studied.The results showed that the fiber length,fiber width and fiber length-width ratio of the tetraploid Paulownia were all greater than that of the corresponding diploid Paulownia,and the average fiber length of the tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa×Paulownia fortunei reached the maximum of 1079.34μm.Compared with diploid,the analysis results of wood dry shrinkage,basic density and white degree of tetraploid Paulownia revealed that wood basic density and shrinkage rate significantly decreased and the white degree increased significantly,and the basic density ratio of tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa×Paulownia fortunei was up to 52.94%.The results of the study on the mechanical properties of wood indicated that there were significant differences in mechanical properties between diploid Paulownia and tetraploid Paulownia.Compared with diploid,the average tensile strength,compressive strength,flexural strength,flexural modulus and hardness of tetraploid Paulownia were increased by 5.90%,5.63%,6.16%,64.54%and 35.83%,respectively.The analysis results of wood chemical composition showed that the extracts and lignin contents of tetraploid Paulownia australia,tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa,tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa×Paulownia fortunei were lower than those of their diploid,and the contents of cellulose and heald cellulose were higher than those of their diploid counterparts,indicating that the tetraploid Paulownia were more suitable for papermaking.Based on the research results of the above wood properties,it is concluded that tetraploid Paulownia tomentosa×Paulownia fortunei is a superior variety suitable for the wood industry such as furniture and pape

关 键 词：四倍体泡桐 木材特性 纤维形态 基本密度 力学性能 化学成分 

分 类 号：S792.43[农业科学—林木遗传育种]