身体功能训练和饮食干预对肥胖男大学生功能性动作和体质健康的影响  

Effectiveness of functional training and diet intervention on functional movement and physical health of obese male college students

作　　者：李洁明 刘会平[1] 洪煜[1] 赵琦[2] LI Jieming;LIU Huiping;HONG Yu;ZHAO Qi(Changzhou Institute of Engineering Technology,Changzhou,213164,Jiangsu Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]常州工程职业技术学院体育学院,江苏213164 [2]南京体育学院运动训练学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第8期1138-1142,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：江苏省高校“青蓝工程”资助;江苏省教育科学“十三五”规划立项课题(D/2020/03/74);江苏省高职院校教师专业带头人高端研修项目。

摘　　要：目的探讨身体功能训练+饮食干预对肥胖男大学生功能性动作筛查(FMS)、体成分及身体素质影响的效果,为学校体育课程改革和增强学生体质健康提供实践参考。方法以常州工程职业技术学院56名肥胖男大学生为实验对象(实验组、对照组各28名),实验组进行为期15周(每周2次)的身体功能训练+饮食干预(营养知识讲座和反馈);对照组仅进行常规体能练习,不进行饮食干预。干预前后测试各项指标(7个FMS指标、7个身体成分指标、5个身体素质指标),并对结果进行比较和分析。结果实验组经过身体功能训练+饮食干预,除肩部灵活性外,FMS其他各项指标(过顶跨起、跨栏上步、直线弓箭步、躯干稳定性和躯干旋转稳定性)均显著上升(t值分别为-2.11,-2.27,-2.22,-2.08,-2.21,P值均<0.05);FMS总得分由12.07分上升到14.06分(t=-4.22,P<0.05)。体成分中脂肪量、身体水分、体脂肪率和体质量指数(BMI)分别下降到23.97 kg、38.83 kg、26.34%和27.79 kg/m2(t/χ2值分别为-5.85,-8.30,9.05,7.23,P值均<0.05),蛋白质上升到19.00 kg(t=-5.75,P<0.05),且实验组体成分综合评分由64.00分上升到66.71分(t=-6.27,P<0.05)。实验组身体素质中的50 m、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、引体向上和1000 m成绩分别提高到8.24 s、14.45 cm、206.61 cm、3.07个和278.27 s(t值分别为5.05,-3.96,-7.46,-3.62,4.40,P值均<0.05)。组间比较显示,实验组干预效果优于对照组,主观感受增强。结论15周的身体功能训练+饮食干预可有效改善肥胖男大学生身体形态、体成分和运动功能障碍,降低运动风险,提高体质健康水平。Objective To reveal the effect of functional training&diet intervention on functional movement screen(FMS) and physical health of obese college male students.Methods Totally 56 obese college male students were divided into experimental group and control group on average and the experimental group took functional training&diet intervention,2 times per week,with a total of 15 weeks.The control group was only given routine physical exercise without diet intervention.Indexes including seven FMS indicators,seven body composition indicators and five physical fitness indicators were monitored before and after experiment.Results The results showed that except for shoulder flexibility,other FMS indexes(vault,hurdle,straight lunge,trunk stability and trunk rotation stability)of experimental group significantly increased after functional training&diet intervention(t=-2.11,-2.27,-2.22,-2.08,-2.21,P<0.05).The total score of FMS increased significantly from 12.07 to 14.06(t=-4.22,P<0.05).The body composition index including fat content,body water,body fat ratio and BMI decreased to 23.97 kg,38.83 kg,26.34%and 27.79 kg/m^2(t/χ^2=-5.85,-8.30,9.05,7.23,P<0.05).Protein increased significantly to 19.00 kg(t=-5.75,P<0.05).The comprehensive score of body composition in the experimental group increased significantly from 64.00 to 66.71(t=-6.27,P<0.05).The scores of experimental group physical fitness indicators including 50 m,sit forward,standing long jump,pull up and 1000 m increased to 8.24 s,14.45 cm,206.61 cm,3.07 and 278.27 s(t=5.05,-3.96,-7.46,-3.62,4.40,P<0.05).Conclusion The study indicates that 15 weeks of physical function training&dietary intervention could effectively improve the body shape,body composition and motor dysfunction of obese male college students,thus to reduce sports risk and improve physical health.

关 键 词：体育和训练 饮食习惯 肥胖症 体质 健康状况 干预性研究 学生 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练] R723.14[文化科学—运动人体科学]