论离婚后未成年子女抚养探望规定的缺失与修正——以儿童最大利益原则为切入点  

On the Absence and Amendment of Regulation of Minor Children's Rearing and Visiting after Divorce--Starting from the Principle of Maximizing the Interests of Children

作　　者：雷春红[1] LEI Chun-hong(Zhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312023, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学之江学院,浙江绍兴312023

出　　处：《时代法学》2020年第5期77-85,共9页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：湖南省社会科学评审委员会项目“湖南省教育事权与支出责任研究”(项目编号:XSP17YBZC124)之成果。

摘　　要：我国离婚后未成年子女抚养探望的某些规定,仍体现父母本位的思想,新近出台的《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称《民法典》)对现行规定的修改和完善有限。“直接抚养”的规定实际上创设了父母的权利。探望权的主体仅限于父母,这是从父母利益角度出发作出的规定。相关立法应顺应国际上亲子本位的立法趋势,宜确立儿童最大利益原则,将父母离婚后由谁“直接抚养”子女改为父母离婚后子女与谁“共同居住”。为有效落实《民法典》关于“尊重”八周岁以上子女意愿的规定,由家事调查官调查当事人的各方面情况,撰写报告,作为法院裁判的事实依据。将“探望权”修改为“交往权”,未成年子女和不与其共同居住的一方父(母)是交往权的主体。以子女利益为本,构建独立的家事审判机制,推进家事审判的社会化,多部门联动共同破解“执行难”。Chinese some legislations about the rearing and visiting minor children after divorce still reflect the parent-centered ideology.The newly enacted Civil Code's modification and improvement of current regulations are very limited.The“direct rearing”provision actually creates parental rights.The subject of the right of visiting is limited to parents,which is also a rule regulated from the perspective of parental interests.Child is independent individual,we should conform to the international parent-child standard legislative trend,stipulate the principle of the children's best interests and change the regulation that who will“direct rear”children to the one that with whom the children live after parents divorce.To effectively implement the provisions of the Civil Code on“respecting”the wishes of children over eight years old,the family investigator investigates all kinds of aspects of the parties and writes a report as the factual basis for the court's decision.The right of visiting should be changed to the right of communication,and the minor child and the father(mother)who does not live with him are the subjects of the right of communication.Based on the interests of children,build an independent family trial mechanism,promote the socialization of family trials,and multi-sectoral cooperate to solve the“difficult implementation”.

关 键 词：儿童最大利益 共同居住 交往权 子女利益 

分 类 号：DF551[政治法律—民商法学]