梅耶荷德遭到批判的五部导演作品  

On the Five Works of Meyerhold that were Unfairly Criticized

作　　者：陈世雄 CHEN Shixiong

机构地区：[1]中央戏剧学院戏剧研究所 [2]厦门大学人文学院

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2020年第5期40-52,共13页Theatre Arts

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“苏联戏剧的历史经验”(13BWW035)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：梅耶荷德遭到批判并引起争论的五部导演作品,即《委任状》《自杀者》《一次生命》《宽宏大量的乌龟》和《钦差大臣》。苏联教育人民委员部领导人卢那察尔斯基与全苏艺术事务委员会领导人克尔任采夫对上述作品有不同立场、不同评价:卢那察尔斯基不但学识渊博,而且具有坚定的原则性,不论左的倾向还是右的倾向,都坚决反对;而克尔任采夫虽然也熟悉戏剧艺术,但是缺乏崇高的品质和人格,左右摇摆,见风使舵,唯上是从,粗暴地处理了梅耶荷德及其剧院的存在问题,导致了梅耶荷德的悲剧,造成了苏联戏剧事业的重大损失。This paper reviews five controversial and harshly criticized works directed by Meyerhold,namely The Mandate,The Suicide,One Life,The Magnificent Cuckold,and The Inspector General.With the comparison of the different attitudes and comments of Lunacharski,the leader of the Ministry of People s Education of the Soviet Union,and Kerenzev,the leader of Soviet Art Commission,on the five works,this paper contests that Lunacharski was not only a man of knowledge,but also a man of principles,who objected to both the progressive and the conservative,while Kerenzev,though familiar with theatre arts,was artful and slimy,who only followed the order of the senior officers and dealt with the problems of Meyerhold and his theatre roughly,which led to the tragedy of Meyerhold and caused great loss to Soviet theatre.

关 键 词：梅耶荷德 克尔任采夫 卢那察尔斯基 现实主义 形式主义 悲剧 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]