2005~2019年南充市甲型肝炎流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province,China from 2005 to 2019

作　　者：赵林[1] 甘霖[1] ZHAO Lin;GAN Lin(Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Nanchong City,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市疾病预防控制中心,四川南充637000

出　　处：《中国生物制品学杂志》2020年第9期1023-1028,共6页Chinese Journal of Biologicals

摘　　要：目的了解2005~2019年南充市甲型肝炎(简称甲肝)流行情况,比较免疫规划前后甲肝流行病学特征变化,为制定针对性防控策略与措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2005~2019年南充市甲肝病例的流行病学特征进行分析。结果2005~2019年南充市共报告本地新发甲肝病例3407例,年均发病率为3.52/10万,整体呈下降趋势,扩大免疫后(2009~2019年)年均发病率(2.30/10万)显著低于扩大免疫前(2005~2008年,6.75/10万)(P<0.001),下降率为87.24%;阆中市(6.13/10万)、西充县(5.09/10万)年均发病率相对较高;扩大免疫前发病高峰为3~5月,扩大免疫后季节性分布不明显;扩大免疫前后性别比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均以男性为主(2.06∶1);发病高峰年龄为31~58岁,呈逐年递增趋势,且聚集性凸显,中位数从扩大免疫前的39岁增加11岁至50岁,15岁以下构成比由13.46%显著下降至2.35%,其中顺庆区、蓬安县发病年龄后移不明显,其余7个地区均不同程度增加,发病年龄提高至46.5~53岁之间;以农民(2253例,66.13%)和学生(384例,11.27%)为主,且农民构成比逐年增加,学生构成比逐年下降。结论目前南充市甲肝发病水平较低,2008年后适龄儿童免费接种有效控制了15岁以下人群发病,疫苗在防控工作中效果显著;应重点关注20世纪70年代前后出生的人群,采取鼓励自愿接种与开展健康教育相结合的方法,提高接种覆盖率和防病意识。Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis A(HA)in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province,China from 2005 to 2019 so as to compare the characteristics before and after inclusion of HA vaccine into the Expanded Program Immunization(EPI)and provide a scientific basis for developing the strategies and measures to prevent and control HA.Methods Descriptively epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of HA in Nanchong from 2005 to 2019.Results From 2005 to 2019,a total of 3407 cases of HA were reported in Nanchong City.The annual average incidence rate was 3.52/100000,which showed a decreasing tendency in general.However,the annual average incidence after inclusion of HA vaccine A into the EPI(2009~2019)was 2.30/100000,which was significantly lower than that before inclusion(2005~2008,6.75/100000,P<0.001),with a decreasing rate of 87.24%.The annual average incidence rates in Langzhong City(6.13/100000)and Xichong County(5.09/100000)were relatively high.The peak of incidence before inclusion of HA vaccine into the EPI appeared in March to May,while the cases showed no obviously seasonal distribution after inclusion.There were no difference in the sex ratio of cases before and after inclusion of HA vaccine into the EPI(both 2.06∶1,P>0.05).The peak of incidence appeared in the populations at ages of 31~58 years,while the incidence showed an increasing tendency with the increasing age and a prominent aggregation.The median age of incidence increased from 39 years before inclusion of HA vaccine into the EPI to the 50 years after inclusion,while the proportion of patients at ages of less than 15 years decreased significantly from 13.46%to 2.35%.However,the peak age moved from youth towards agedindistinctly in Shunqing District and Peng’an County,which increased to 46.5~53 years in the other seven areas.Most of the cases appeared in farmers(2253 cases,66.13%)and students(384 cases,11.27%).However,the proportion of farmers increased,while that of students decreased,ye

关 键 词：甲型病毒性肝炎 流行病学特征 免疫规划 

分 类 号：R521.61[医药卫生—内科学]