人体腰椎生物力学模型及损伤参数敏感性分析  

Biomechanical Model of Human Lumbar Spine and Sensitivity Analysis of Injury Parameters

作　　者：唐亮[1] 郑佳佳 李文熙[1] 程一鸣 李润欣 TANG Liang;ZHENG Jiajia;LI Wenxi;CHENG Yiming;LI Runxin(School of Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第9期94-106,共13页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975057);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2019YFD1002401-3)。

摘　　要：近年来随着汽车工业的迅速发展,新型轿车所配备的乘员约束系统更为先进,能够更好地保护车内乘员。但是新型轿车在正面碰撞中发生胸腰椎骨折的事故率却逐年上升。本研究基于GHBMC腰椎模型的几何外形,建立并验证了生物力学逼真度更高的人体腰椎有限元模型。通过处理已发表论文中的实验数据,得到韧带在不同加载速率下的拉伸载荷曲线,分析了不同韧带参数(韧带刚度、韧带失效力、松弛区长度、韧带应变率效应)对于腰椎损伤的影响。同时构建了不同曲率的腰椎有限元模型,用以研究腰椎曲率对于腰椎损伤的影响。结果表明:韧带参数和腰椎曲率对于腰椎响应的影响很大;腰椎韧带刚度越小,腰椎损伤风险越高;考虑韧带松弛区和失效区后,腰椎损伤风险增大;在高冲击速度下考虑韧带载荷曲线的应变率效应,冲击速度越大,腰椎损伤风险越大;同时发现直立腰椎比弯曲腰椎具有更大的腰椎损伤风险。这对乘员保护设计有一定的指导意义。With the rapid development of automobile industry,recent new cars are equiped with advanced passenger restraint system,which can better protect the occupants.However,the rate of thoracolumbar fractures is increasing year by year after the new car encounters frontal impact.Based on the geometry of GHBMC lumbar vertebrae model,a finite element model of human lumbar vertebrae with more accurate ligament parameters was established.By processing the experimental data of published papers,the tensile load curves of various ligaments and the corresponding load tensile curves under different loading rates were obtained,and the effects of the different parameters of ligaments(ligament stiffness,failure zone,relaxation zone,the effect of strain rate)on lumbar spine injury was studied.A finite element model of lumbar spine with different curvature was constructed to study the effect of curvature on lumbar injury.Results show that ligament parameters and lumbar spine curvature has a great effect on lumbar spine response:the lower the stiffness of lumbar ligaments,the higher the risk of lumbar vertebrae injury;after considering the relaxation and failure areas of ligaments,the risk of lumbar vertebrae injury increases;considering the strain rate response of ligament load curve under high impact speed,the higher the impact speed,the higher the risk of lumbar vertebrae injury.At the same time,the vertical lumbar vertebrae has higher risk of lumbar spinal injury than the bending lumbar vertebrae.The results are conducive to the design of occupant protection.

关 键 词：汽车碰撞安全性 腰椎损伤 韧带 有限元法 生物力学 

分 类 号：U461.91[机械工程—车辆工程]