邻作对玉米田主要害虫与天敌动态的影响  

Effect of Adjacent Cropping on Dynamics of Main Pest Insects and Natural Enemies in Fields of Maize

作　　者：贾永超[1,2] 马丽[1] 陈国华[1] 李强[1] 张晓明[1] JIA Yongchao;MA Li;CHEN Guohua;LI Qiang;ZHANG Xiaoming(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory for Conservationand Utilization of Biological Resources,Kunming 650201,China;College of Management,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao Shandong 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]青岛农业大学管理学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2020年第10期1593-1601,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360436);云南省现代农业玉米产业技术体系建设项目(2019KJTX002)。

摘　　要：为明确玉米地单作田、玉米思茅松(Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis)邻作田和玉米普洱茶(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)邻作田3种不同邻作模式对玉米田主要害虫与天敌动态的影响,采用5点取样法并利用黄板、黄盘和糖醋液等诱集工具对3种玉米田整个玉米生育期进行系统调查,利用四分位法对两类主要害虫和两种主要天敌进行分析。结果表明:在玉米生育期各个阶段中,瓢虫类天敌的个体数量在主要发生期和发生晚期均为玉米普洱茶邻作田最高,整个发生期玉米田瓢虫类个体数量表现为:玉米普洱茶邻作田>玉米思茅松邻作田>玉米单作田;在玉米田生育期的各个阶段中,蜘蛛类天敌在玉米思茅松邻作田中数量最多,从个体总量上玉米普洱茶邻作田略多于玉米单作田。两种主要害虫玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)和黄脸油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma)个体数量均为玉米单作田>玉米思茅松邻作田>玉米普洱茶邻作田,玉米与思茅松邻作田瓢虫与玉米蚜益害比最高。玉米与普洱茶邻作田主要天敌瓢虫在个体数量上最多,主要害虫黄脸油葫芦和玉米蚜发生量最少,对害虫的自然控制作用最强,玉米思茅松邻作田次之,玉米单作田较差。In order to clarify the effects of monoculture fields of maize(Zea mays),adjacent cropping field of maize and Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis,adjacent cropping field of maize and Camellia sinensis var.assamica on the dynamics of main pest insects and natural enemies.Systematic investigation of the three different maize cropping fields at whole maize growth stage was conducted by using five-point sampling method and trapping tools such as yellow sticky,yellow plate and sweet and sour liquor.Two main pest insects and two main natural enemies were analyzed by quartile method.During whole growth period of maize,C.sinensis var.assamica adjacent cropping field had the highest individual numbers of natural enemies of the ladybugs at the main occurrence and late occurrence stages;at occurrence stage,the individual numbers of ladybug were C.sinensis var.assamica adjacent cropping field>maize and P.kesiya var.langbianensis adjacent cropping field>maize fields.At the different stages of adjacent cropping pattern of maize and C.sinensis var.assamica,the highest number of ladybug was at main occurrence and late occurrence stage;at each growth stage in maize field,the natural enemies of spider were most abundant in maize adjacent to P.kesiya var.langbianensis,and the total number of individuals in the adjacent cropping fields of C.sinensis var.assamica was slightly higher than that in maize monoculture fields during whole growth period in maize field.Individual numbers of two main pest insects Teleogryllus emma and Rhopalosiphum maidis were maize and C.sinensis var.assamica adjacent cropping field>maize and P.kesiya var.langbianensis adjacent cropping field>maize monoculture fields,Meanwhile,the benefit-harm ratio value between ladybug and R.maidis was the highest in C.sinensis var.assamica adjacent cropping field.The main natural enemies of ladybugs had the largest number of individuals and major pest insects T.emma and R.maidis had the least number of individuals in the adjacent fields of maize and C.sinensis var.assamica.The

关 键 词：邻作 玉米田 优势种 天敌 动态 

分 类 号：S474[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]