美国国防采办系统概述  

Introduction to the Defense Acquisition System of U.S.A.

作　　者：宗凯彬 张承龙 卓志敏[1] ZONG Kai-bin;ZHANG Cheng-long;ZHUO Zhi-min(Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]北京电子工程总体研究所,北京100854

出　　处：《现代防御技术》2020年第5期16-24,共9页Modern Defence Technology

摘　　要：武器装备采办作为国防采办的典型代表,其项目执行过程通常涉及众多流程环节。同时,由于武器装备的先进性要求,其实现必须依托于众多领域先进科技成果的有效集成,因此在装备建设过程中,必须考虑技术成熟度和制造成熟度对采办项目的影响。为了确保采办项目取得成功,并对其执行过程进行有效管理,美国国防部采用系统工程方法构建了国防采办系统,并将其作为国防采办三大决策支持系统之一。国防采办系统通过对采办对象全寿命周期进行阶段划分,实现了采办项目由方案论证到技术攻关、由工程制造到生产部署,再由使用保障到退役处理的平稳过度,并在此过程中同步完成对技术成熟度和制造成熟度的有效把控;通过在不同采办阶段间设置里程碑决策点,对当前阶段成果和下一阶段目标进行审查,实现对阶段转进和项目执行的有效监督,从而显著降低采办风险,最终将联合能力集成与开发系统中描述的能力需求转化为实际装备。因此,将以美国国防采办系统为核心,对其阶段划分及各阶段应当完成的具体任务进行系统性阐述,从而为相关工作的开展提供有力支撑。As a typical representative of defense acquisition,equipment acquisition usually involves large amount of processes in execution.Meanwhile,due to the advancement requirements of the equipment,its realization must rely on the effective integration of advanced scientific and technological achievements in many fields.Therefore,the impacts of technological maturity and manufacturing maturity on acquisition programs must be considered.For ensuring the success of acquisitions and managing the implementation effectively,the department of defense has proposed defense acquisition system based on system engineering methodologies,which is one of the three decision support systems utilized in defense acquisition.By dividing the entire life cycle into several phases,an acquisition program goes through solution analysis,technical maturity,engineering and manufacturing development,production and deployment,operations and support,and retire processing phases,with the technological and manufacturing maturity improves simultaneously.By setting the milestone decision points between acquisition phases,the achievements of current phase and the goals of the subsequent phase can be evaluated.In this manner,the acquisition execution and phase transition can be supervised effectively and the program risk can be reduced significantly,which can finally realize the capability requirements described in joint capabilities integration and development system as an equipment.As a result,this work will focus on the defense acquisition system,to illustrate the acquisition phases and their corresponding tasks systematically,and finally provide a sufficient support for the related work.

关 键 词：国防采办系统 系统工程 项目执行 采办阶段 里程碑 

分 类 号：E917[军事]