一种基于广义解调的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法  

A method for fault feature extraction of rolling bearings based on generalized demodulation

作　　者：马增强 路飞宇 刘素艳 李欣 胡鑫磊 MA Zengqiang;LU Feiyu;LIU Suyan;LI Xin;HU Xinlei(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,石家庄050043 [2]石家庄铁道大学电气与电子工程学院,石家庄050043

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2020年第20期190-196,215,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(11790282);国家自然科学基金面上项目(12072207);河北省“三三三人才工程”培养经费(A201802004);2020年度省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室自主课题(ZZ2020-39);2020年研究生创新资助计划(YC2020062)。

摘　　要：变转速滚动轴承故障诊断中,为了解决迭代广义解调频谱混叠现象导致提取滚动轴承故障特征误差大的问题,提出一种变分非线性chirp模式分解和广义解调结合的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。首先用快速谱峭度算法确定故障信号共振带,通过带通滤波器截取信号的共振带;然后求解信号的包络,用变分非线性chirp模式分解提取包络信号成分,估计信号的瞬时频率,将瞬时频率作为相位函数对信号做广义解调,直至信号完全分解;最后将所有解调后的信号累加,对累加结果做快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)从中提取故障特征频率。用仿真信号和实测信号对所提方法和迭代广义解调做对比实验,结果表明该方法比迭代广义解调具有更好的抗噪性,提取特征最大误差分别降低了10.5 Hz和5.75 Hz。In order to solve the problem that iterative generalized demodulation spectrum aliasing leads to large error in extracting fault characteristics of rolling bearing with variable speed,an variational nonlinear chirp mode decomposition and generalized demodulation method for fault diagnosis of rolling bearing was proposed.First the rapid spectral kurtosis algorithm was used to determine the fault signal resonance band.A band-pass filter was use to intercept signal resonance band.Then the envelope of the signal was solved,and it is decomposed by variational nonlinear chirp model decomposition.The instantaneous frequency of the signal was estimated,and the instantaneous frequency was used as a phase function to perform generalized demodulation of the signal until the signal was completely decomposed.Finally after all the demodulation signals were summarized,the result of the summation was processed with Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)to extract fault characteristic frequency.Simulation signals and measured signals were used to compare the proposed method with the iterative generalized demodulation.The results show that the proposed method has better noise resistance than the latter,and the maximum error of extracted features is reduced by 10.5hz and 5.75 Hz,respectively.

关 键 词：滚动轴承 变转速 广义解调 故障特征提取 

分 类 号：TH165.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH133.33