Effects of moss-dominated biocrusts on soil detachment by overland flow in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China  

作　　者：ZHANG Guan-hua DING Wen-feng PU Jian LI Jian-ming QIAN Feng SUN Bao-yang 

机构地区：[1]Soil and Water Conservation Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan,430010,China [2]Research Center on Mountain Torrent&Geologic Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan,430010,China

出　　处：《Journal of Mountain Science》2020年第10期2418-2431,共14页山地科学学报（英文）

基　　金：funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41877082);the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(Grant No.CKSF2019410TB);the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.41701316,51909011);the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC050530302);the Demonstration Project of Water Conservancy Technology(Grant No.SF-201905)。

摘　　要：Biological soil crusts(biocrusts)are important landscape components that exist in various climates and habitats.The roles of biocrusts in numerous soil processes have been predominantly recognized in many dryland regions worldwide.However,little is known about their effects on soil detachment process by overland flow,especially in humid climates.This study quantified the effects of moss-dominated biocrusts on soil detachment capacity(Dc)and soil erosion resistance to flowing water in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area which holds a subtropical humid climate.Potential factors driving soil detachment variation and their influencing mechanism were analyzed and elucidated.We designed five levels of coverage treatments(1%–20%,20%–40%,40%–60%,60%–80%,and 80%–100%)and a nearby bare land as control in a mossdominated site.Undisturbed soil samples were taken and subjected to water flow scouring in a hydraulic flume under six shear stresses ranging from 4.89 to 17.99 Pa.The results indicated that mean Dc of mosscovered soil varied from 0.008 to 0.081 kg m^-2 s^-1,which was 1.9 to 21.0 times lower than that of bare soil(0.160 kg m^-2 s^-1).Rill erodibility(Kr)of mosscovered soil ranged from 0.0095 to 0.0009 s m^-1,which was 2 to 20 times lower than that of bare soil(0.0187 s m^-1).Both relative soil detachment rate and Kr showed an exponential decay with increasing moss coverage,whereas the critical shear stress(τc)for different moss coverage levels did not differ significantly.Moss coverage,soil cohesion,and sand content were key factors affecting Dc,while moss coverage and soil bulk density were key factors affecting Kr.A power function of flow shear stress,soil cohesion,and moss coverage fitted well to estimate Dc(NSE=0.947).Our findings implied that biocrusts prevented soil detachment directly by their physical cover and indirectly by soil properties modification.Biocrusts could be rehabilitated as a promising soil conservation measure during ecological recovery to enhance soil erosion resistance in the Three Go

关 键 词：Soil detachment Soil erosion resistance Rill erodibility Biological soil crusts Yangtze River 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]