“去标签化”与“性别工具箱”:女性卡车司机的微观劳动实践  

De-labeling and the Gender Toolbox:The Micro Labor Practices of Female Truck Drivers

作　　者：马丹[1] MA Dan

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院社会学所

出　　处：《社会学评论》2020年第5期35-49,共15页Sociological Review of China

摘　　要：本文从劳动与性别的双重角度对女性卡车司机的微观劳动实践进行了研究。女性卡车司机面临着严重的职业性别隔离,作为"职业性别少数",她们首先采取了"去标签化"的策略,在劳动实践中消除性别刻板印象带来的负面影响,建立男性工作世界中女性劳动的合法性。在此基础上,女性卡车司机还灵活使用了"性别工具箱",在不同的劳动情境中辨认出性别突出性之不同的程度与方向,以采取与该情境相对应的性别策略。女性卡车司机的经验表明,冲破职业性别隔离是一个紧密依循微观劳动实践的动态过程,她们在微观劳动实践中展示出的个体能动性突破了僵化的"性别二元论"的对立,为职业性别平等提供了更多的可能。This paper studies the micro labor practices of female truck drivers from the labor and gender perspectives.Female truck drivers face severe occupational gender segregation.As an occupational gender minority,female truck drivers first adopt a"de-labeling"strategy to minimize the gender stereotype effects and establish their gender legitimacy in a male-dominated field.On this basis,female truck drivers also flexibly use the"gender toolbox"to identify the different degrees and directions of gender prominence in different labor situations.As a result,they can adopt appropriate gender strategies to adapt to the situation.The experience of female truck drivers shows that breaking through occupational gender segregation is a dynamic process closely following the micro labor practice.Their agency in the micro labor practice breaks through the rigid opposition of"gender dualism"and provides more possibilities for occupational gender equality.

关 键 词：女性卡车司机 职业性别隔离 去标签化 女性的男性气质 性别工具箱 

分 类 号：F014.2[经济管理—政治经济学] D669.68[政治法律—政治学]