无友不如己者:城镇化如何影响个人社会资本  

Have No Friends Not Equal to Yourself:How Urbanization Affects Individual Social Capital

作　　者：田丰 付宇 TIAN Feng;FU Yu

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会学系 [2]复旦大学社会治理研究中心

出　　处：《社会学评论》2020年第5期74-87,共14页Sociological Review of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“城市社区的权力结构、社会资本生成机制及其对社会治理的政策影响研究”(19CSH005)。

摘　　要：本文从社会资本视角出发,探讨城镇化如何影响个人社会网络的职业多样性。通过对2004年社会资本调查和2012年中国综合社会调查的比较分析,结果发现:城镇化对个人社会资本的存量的影响因受教育程度而异。城镇化对大专学历以下群体的社会资本存量呈正向影响,具体表现为网络顶端的升高;城镇化对大专及以上学历群体的社会资本存量呈负向影响,具体表现为网络差距的收缩、网络顶端的下降和网络规模的缩小。户籍身份对城镇化的影响无明显调节作用。考虑到社会经济地位高的一方在社会交往中占据主动,大专及以上学历群体的网络封闭性因城镇化而上升,可能加剧城镇化的不平等效应。This paper adopts a social capital perspective and looks at how urbanization affects the occupational diversity of personal social networks.A comparison between 2004 Social Capital Survey and 2012 Chinese General Social Survey indicates that,urbanization diverges on its impact on the stock of social capital for people with different levels of education.For those with less than a college degree,urbanization increases the stock of social capital,particularly in terms of upper reachability.For those with a college degree or more,urbanization reduces the stock of social capital,particularly in terms of extensity,range,and upper reachability.The household registration status plays limited mediating role.As the use of social capital depends heavily upon the will of the group with higher socioeconomic status,the increasing network closure for the better-educated group may cause segmented integration and reinforce the social inequality during urbanization.

关 键 词：城镇化 社会资本 受教育程度 户籍身份 社会融合 

分 类 号：C912.3[经济管理] F299.21[社会学]