抽油泵柱塞与泵筒间隙漏失率影响因素研究  

Study on the Influence of Pumping Pump Working System on Piston Gap Leakage

作　　者：王小兵 王多琦 李森 龚浩宇 刘阳 吕雷纲 杜明智 WANG Xiaobing;WANG Duoqi;LI Sen;GONG Haoyu;LIU Yang;LYU Leigang;DU Mingzhi(School of Petroleum Engineering,Changzhou University Changzhou,Jiangsu 213000)

机构地区：[1]常州大学石油工程学院,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2020年第10期6-12,106,共8页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51706023)。

摘　　要：在采油过程中,当油层能量达不到自喷要求时,需要通过人工举升的方式来将原油举升至地面。目前,国内外主要有有杆泵和无杆泵这两大类机械采油方式。由于有杆泵设计简单、管理便捷及故障率低的优点一直被广泛使用。在有杆泵工作过程中,由于其泵筒与柱塞之间存在一定的间隙,在柱塞两端的液体压差及剪切力的作用下,会使大量液体通过间隙漏失,对泵效产生严重影响。因此研究流体在不同工作制度下在柱塞与泵筒间间隙中的流动规律,对指导抽油泵设计,提高抽油泵效率意义重大。本文通过数值计算,基于有限单元法,建立起在抽油泵不同工作制度下的模型,划分合适的网格,计算并对结果进行可视化处理。结果表明抽油泵的不同工作制度(间隙大小、冲次、冲程)及流体物性参数(含水率与粘度)都对抽油泵泵筒和柱塞间间隙漏失率影响较大。In the process of oil production,when the reservoir energy cannot meet the requirement of self-injection,the crude oil needs to be lifted to the ground by artificial lift.At present,there are two kinds of mechanical pumping methods,rod pump and rod free pump.The rod pump has been widely used because of its advantages of simple design,convenient management and low failure rate.In the working process of rod pump,there is a certain gap between the pump barrel and the plunger.Under the action of the liquid pressure difference at both ends of the plunger and the shear force,a large amount of liquid will leak through the gap,which has a serious impact on the pump efficiency.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the flow law of fluid in the clearance between plunger and pump barrel under different working systems,and to guide the design of pump and improve the efficiency of pump.Through numerical simulation and based on the finite element method,this paper establishes the models under different operating systems of the oil pump,divides appropriate grids,calculates and visualizes the results.The results show that different operating systems(clearance size,stroke,stroke)and fluid physical parameters(moisture content and viscosity)have great influence on the clearance loss between pump barrel and plunger.

关 键 词：有杆泵 漏失 数值模拟 间隙 

分 类 号：TE933.3[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]