大熊猫取食倾向与可食竹纤维素类物质的关系  

Relationship between Feeding Tendency of Giant Panda and Cellulose of Edible Bamboo

作　　者：林达[1] 贾竞波[1] 赵志琛 Lin Da;Jia Jingbo;Zhao Zhichen(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2020年第10期67-70,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业和草原局大熊猫国际合作项目(WY1103)。

摘　　要：以圈养大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、10种竹子为研究对象,于2015年4—5月份,在四川省雅安市正北碧峰峡景区内(102°51′~103°12′E,29°40′~30°14′N)的中国保护大熊猫雅安碧峰峡研究基地、四川省都江堰市青城山镇石桥村(103°33′E,34°57′N)的中国保护大熊猫研究中心都江堰研究基地,观察8只圈养大熊猫对10种竹子的采食状况;利用范氏洗涤分析滤袋技术、全自动纤维素分析仪对10种竹子的纤维类物质进行分析,探索大熊猫取食倾向与可食竹纤维类物质的联系。结果表明:投喂的10种竹子,大熊猫除不取食紫竹(P.nigra)和慈竹(Nesinocalamus affinis),其余8种竹子全部取食;投喂的6种竹笋(雷竹(P.praecox)、白夹竹(Phyllostachys bissetii)、箬叶竹(Indocalamus longiauritus)、毛竹(P.heterocycla)、金竹(P.sulphurea)、大琴丝竹(Neosinocalamus affinis‘Flavidorivens’),大熊猫全部取食;投喂的竹种部位,大熊猫取食倾向由先到后依次为笋肉、秆肉、笋皮、秆皮。大熊猫可食竹种纤维素类质量分数与其取食倾向相一致,大熊猫可食竹取食率与半纤维、纤维素质量分数呈正相关,与木质素质量分数呈负相关;大熊猫更偏好于取食半纤维素质量分数25%~30%之间、纤维素质量分数30%~40%之间的可食竹种,对木质素质量分数无明显的偏好区间,总体偏好木质素质量分数更低的可食竹种;大熊猫可食竹种取食率与纤维素类质量分数相关性,取食率与半纤维素相关系数为0.326、与纤维素相关系数为0.863、与木质素相关系数为-0.548。Using captive giant panda and ten bamboo species as research object from April to May in 2015,we observed the eight pandas foraging bamboos in the Bifengxia Base of China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda which lies in the north of Bifengxia Scenic,Ya’an Sichuan Province(102°51′-103°12′E,29°40′-30°14′N)and the Dujiangyan Base of China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda that located in Shiqiao Village,Qingchengshan Town,Dujiangyan Sichuan Province(103°33′E,34°57′N).By using Van Soest filtration bag washing analysis technology and automatic fiber analyzer,the fiber substances of ten kinds of bamboos were analyzed to explore the correlation between the feeding tendency of giant pandas and edible bamboo fiber substances.For the ten feeding species of bamboos,the giant panda did not feed on Phyllostachys nigra(Lodd.ex Lindl.)Munro and Neosinocalamus affinis,and fed on all the other eight species of bamboos.The six feeding kinds of bamboo shoots which included P.praecox,Phyllostachys bissetii,Indocalamus longiauritus,P.heterocycla,P.sulphurea and Neosinocalamus affinis‘Flavidorivens’were fed entirely by the giant pandas.For the feeding part of bamboo species,the feeding tendency of giant panda was in descending order of bamboo shoot meat,bamboo pole meat,bamboo shoots skin and bamboo pole skin.The cellulose content of edible bamboo of giant panda is consistent with its feeding tendency.The feeding rate of edible bamboo of giant panda was positively correlated with the mass fraction of semi-fiber and cellulose,and negatively correlated with the mass fraction of lignin.Giant pandas prefer edible bamboo species with hemicellulose content of 25%-30%and cellulose content of 30%-40%,and had no obvious preference range for lignin.Giant pandas generally prefer edible bamboo species with lower lignin mass fraction.The correlation between the feeding rate and cellulose content of edible bamboo species of giant panda was as follows:the correlation coefficient between fe

关 键 词：大熊猫 取食倾向 竹 纤维素 

分 类 号：S718.65[农业科学—林学] S795