细叶楠木材构造特征  

Wood Structure Characteristics of Phoebe hui Cheng ex Yang

作　　者：徐雪菊 宁莉萍[2] 杨了[2] 廖晓玲[2] 李英健[3] 李梅[2] Xu Xueju;Ning Liping;Yang Liao;Liao Xiaoling;Li Yingjian;Li Mei(Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611134,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University;Guangxi University)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学,成都6111342 [2]木材工业与家具工程四川省高校重点实验室(四川农业大学) [3]广西大学林学院

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2020年第10期71-75,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B05)

摘　　要：以四川雅安百年细叶楠(Phoebe hui Cheng ex Yang)活立木为研究对象,通过对木材的构造特征、细胞特征参数及其物理性能的研究和分析,为细叶楠木材的识别、鉴定和合理利用提供一定的理论参考依据。利用显微镜观察木材心边材的宏、微观构造,用扫描电子显微镜观察超微构造,用图像分析软件测定各类细胞的解剖参数,X射线衍射仪分析木材的结晶度,参照国家标准测试木材的物理性质。结果表明:细叶楠为散孔材,材色呈黄色,心边材区分不明显,有芳香气味;生长轮明显,轮间呈深色带;管孔肉眼下可见,大小略一致;轴向薄壁组织放大镜下可见,稀疏傍管状;木射线放大镜下明显。管孔为单管孔和径列复管孔(2~3个)为主,偶见管孔团,导管内侵填体可见,为单穿孔,管间纹孔式互列。轴向薄壁组织量少,环管状,稀环管束状及轮界状,分隔木纤维常见,射线组织异形Ⅲ型或Ⅱ型。轴向薄壁组织和木射线尾部常含油细胞,细胞内及细胞间隙含有大量球状有机质内含物颗粒,木射线细胞内存在含钙结晶体。管孔数量适中,略小;导管分子长度中等,壁薄;木纤维长度中等,纤维细,壁薄;木射线密度中,短而窄。随着细叶楠树龄的增加,其木材纤维的宽度和厚度逐渐增大,纤维的定向越来越好,因此木材的力学性能增强。细叶楠木材在40 a后处于成熟期,此时木材的材性逐渐稳定,可以作为成材更好地加以开发利用。综合分析,细叶楠木材的尺寸稳定性好,不易开裂和翘曲,作为家具及室内装饰用材具有易加工、变形小等优点,但不适合用做承重构件。The wood(xylem)in a living century-old tree of Phoebe hui Cheng ex Yang from Ya’an City,Sichuan Province was treated as the main research subject.Through the research and analysis of the structural characteristics,cell characteristic parameters and physical properties of wood,which provides some theoretical references for the identification and rational utilization of P.hui.The macro and micro structure of sapwood and heartwood of P.hui were observed with a microscope.The ultra-microstructure of wood were observed by scanning electron microscopy.The anatomic parameter of various cells were determined by using image analysis software.The crystallinity of wood was measured by X-ray diffractometer.Physical properties of wood were tested according to GB/T General requirements for physical and mechanical tests of wood(1928-2009).The wood of P.hui belongs to diffuse-porous wood with yellowish-brown color and has a delicate fragrance.The heartwood and sapwood can’t be clearly distinguished.The growth ring is obvious with dark color bands between the rings.Its pore could be seen by the naked eye and its size is slightly the same.Longitudinal parenchyma can be seen under a magnifying glass,it is thin and has a tubulous shape,and the wood ray is conspicuous under magnifying glass.The pores are mainly solitary pores and radial section multiple pores and a few pore cluster,and the tylosis and vessel could also be seen.It has simple perforation and the pit between vessels is alternate pitting.There are little longitudinal parenchyma,which has asicentric and scanty,terminal shapes.Septate wood fiber is very common.Ray parenchyma is heteromorphism III or II.In most cases,there are oil cells in longitudinal parenchyma and wood ray.There are a lot of globular organic matter inclusions in cells and intercellular space,and there are also calcium crystals store in wood ray cells.Pores are relatively small and with a reasonable number.The vessel is medium in length and thin in the wall.Wood fiber is medium in length,thin in fiber

关 键 词：细叶楠 构造特征 结晶度 力学性能 干缩率 

分 类 号：S781.1[农业科学—木材科学与技术]