近代中国刑事上诉制度的生成及展开  

Formation and Development of Criminal Appeal System in Modern China

作　　者：胡震[1] HU Zhen

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2020年第5期194-208,共15页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“从‘上控’到‘上诉’:中国近代刑事上诉制度转型研究”(18FFX014)的研究成果。

摘　　要：清末民初法制改革中,中国古代上控制度被来自西方的近代上诉制度所取代。上控和上诉的首要制度目的均是平反冤狱、保证司法公正。二者在制度内容、功能和理念上的相似性,为清末法律移植提供了便利条件,使上诉制度在近代中国得以顺利生成。但上控和上诉是分别镶嵌在传统和现代的两种异质型制度,上控的重心在行政控制,上诉则围绕案件事实及规则适用展开。立法上,上控所承载的社会控制、治理信息传递、督察官员等功能被剥离,新的上诉制度则被赋予了统一法律适用、终结裁判、保护被告人权利等现代司法功能。在司法实践中,围绕是否应赋予被害人上诉权、判决确定性、禁止不利益变更原则、上诉期限等问题,民初产生了一系列纷争。采用比较历史法律方法研究这些在当前司法中仍时有显现的问题,有助于认识和推动当前司法改革。During the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the ancient Chinese traditional criminal appeal(Shangkong)was replaced with the modern appeal system from the West.The primary institutional aim of Shangkong and appeal is to rehabilitate the unjust decision and ensure judicial justice.The two institutions have some similarities in content,function and idea,which provided convenient conditions for legal transplantation in the late Qing Dynasty,and made the appeal system developped smoothly in modern China.However,Shangkong and appeal are two different institutions embedded in the traditional and modern system respectively.The focus of Shangkong is administrative control,while appeal is centered on the facts of the case and the application of the rules.At the time of the legal transformation,the functions of social control,information transmission of governance and supervision of officials carried by Shangkong were removed,while the new criminal appeal system was endowed with modern judicial functions such as unified application of law,finality of judgment,protection of the rights of defendants,and so on.In judicial practice,a series of problems arose in the beginning of the Republic of China about whether the victim should be given the right of appeal,the certainty of judgment,the principle of prohibiting the change of interest,term for appeal,and so on.The use of comparative historical legal methods to study these problems that still appear in the current judiciary is helpful to understand and promote the current judicial reform.

关 键 词：上控 上诉 法制转型 司法改革 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]