中国票据法理念与立法技术的反思  

Reflections on the Legislative Concepts and Techniques of the Chinese Law on Negotiable Instruments

作　　者：董惠江[1] Dong Huijiang

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2020年第5期52-66,共15页Global Law Review

基　　金：作者主持的2013年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国近二十年的票据法研究与票据法修改”(13AFX020)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在改革开放后制定的民商事法律中,票据法并不是一部很成功的法律。从立法理念上而言,以《票据法》第10条为代表的有因性规定,根本违背票据法促进票据流通和确保票据支付的理念;从立法政策上而言,限制个人汇票,排斥商业本票的使用,影响了票据功能的发挥;从立法技术上而言,较多概念、立法表达、逻辑关系等存在讹错,更有不当模仿、臆想式创新、越位规定其他部门法规则等问题广泛存在。然而,尽管这部法律并不尽如人意甚至存在较多问题,但立法机关却并未进行根本性的修改与完善。另外,纵观世界范围内票据法的理论和实践,权利外观理论对于解决非常态票据流转第三人保护的问题是一个上佳的方案,完全可以上升为法律规范纳入修改后的中国票据法,这既符合立法规律,又可使我国票据法修改后达到世界领先立法水平。Among the civil and commercial laws made after the reform and opening up,the Law on Negotiable Instruments is not a very successful one:in terms of legislative policy,restricting personal drafts and excluding the use of commercial promissory notes have affected the function of negotiable instruments;in terms of legislative concept,the causative provisions represented by Article 10 of the Law on Negotiable Instruments fundamentally violate the principle of promoting the circulation and ensuring the payment of negotiable instruments;and in terms of legislative techniques,the law has many mistakes in concept,expression and logical relation,as well as such problems as improper imitation,imaginary innovation and stipulation of rules in other branch laws by overstepping legislative competence.Despite these problems,no fundamental revision or improvement has been made by the legislative organs on this law so far.Moreover,a review of the theories and practices of the negotiable instruments law around the world shows that the Rechtsscheintheorie is the optimal solution to the problems relating to the protection of the third party in non-normality circulation of negotiable instruments.This theory can be upgraded into legal norms and incorporated into the amended Chinese Law on Negotiable Instruments.In this way,the revised Law will be in line with legislative principles and will become one of the leading laws on negotiable instruments in the world.

关 键 词：立法政策 票据法理念 促进流通 确保支付 权利外观 

分 类 号：D922.287[政治法律—经济法学]