必要性现实主义:重构修昔底德的权力理论  

Realism of Necessity(áνáγκη):A Thucydidean Framework of Power

作　　者：李隽旸[1] Li Junyang(Institute of World Economics and Politics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2020年第9期72-100,158,共30页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：中国社会科学院青年科研启动项目“修昔底德与国际政治权力理论”(项目批准号:2020YQNQD113)资助。

摘　　要：与其说修昔底德例解了国际政治的结构现实主义,不如说修昔底德的权力理论建构了一种“必要性”现实主义。作者借助同时代文本和古代注疏细读修昔底德对城邦国家权力互动的记载,重构其权力理论。史书中最重要的两个决策(斯巴达宣战和雅典发展帝国主义)都是围绕“必要性”展开的行动场景,结构上都具有困境、恐惧和主动决策三个要素。决策是困境与恐惧的产物。静态的必要性场景通过一定法则组成场景序列,展示权力的动态互动过程。必要性场景及其序列即修昔底德的权力理论;根据场景核心要素,修昔底德的权力理论是一种关于必要性的现实主义。相较于结构现实主义,修昔底德权力理论为权力本体论的核心争论——在权力施展过程中行为体与结构的关系——提供了更充分细致的理解,因此不是结构现实主义的例证。必要性现实主义是对修昔底德更准确的解读,并为现实主义理论光谱补充了一个新的理论提案。It is plausible,yet problematic to believe that Thucydides'causation of the Peloponnesian War exemplifies Structural Realism.This paper offers an alternative realist reading of Thucydides,that is,the Realism of Necessity(áνáγκη),through a contextualized,close reading of Thucydides power narrative.The two most important scenarios of decision-making in the History of the Peloponnesian War,namely,that Sparta declares war and that Athens develops her Empire,are of the same structure:both contains necessity,fear,and a decision to act.A sequence of these scenarios forms the Thucydidean framework of power interaction between city-states.Never has Thucydides exemplified Structural Realism,because his framework of power differs from as well as enriches Structural Realism ontologically,in that these“necessity scenarios”and their sequence provide a more comprehensive answer to the agent-structure debate.Realism of Necessity is also a more accurate reading of Thucydides,as a more comprehensive theoretical schema to Political Realism.

关 键 词：修昔底德 结构现实主义 “必要性” 权力 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]