考古学文化、文献文本与吴越早期历史的构建  

Archaeological Cultures,Documentary Texts,and the Construction of the Early History of Wuyue

作　　者：徐良高[1] Xu Lianggao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京市100101

出　　处：《考古》2020年第9期81-92,共12页Archaeology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“多卷本《西周史》”(项目批准号:17ZDA179)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：本文探讨的是分布于东南地区,以土墩墓、原始瓷和印纹硬陶为基本特征的考古学文化。这一考古学文化上承后马桥文化和湖熟文化,后期为春秋中期以后的吴、越两国文化,彼此之间一脉相承。由于无论是文献记载,还是如木渎古城[1]、阖闾城[2]、宁镇与环太湖东周土墩墓、绍兴一带越王陵[3]以及多件铸有与文献记载吴越王名字一致铭文青铜器等考古发现,都证明春秋中晚期以后吴、越两国的兴起及其明确的存在,直至战国中晚期以后被楚国和楚文化取代[4],故我们将本文讨论的时间范围设定为吴、越两国历史面貌不清、不同观点聚讼纷呈的早期历史阶段,即商末周初至春秋早期。The current study fi rst systematically traces the archaeological cultures of southeast China(Wuyue region)during the Western Zhou in terms of characteristics,sources,and regional variants,along with social conditions refl ected by archaeological evidence.It then analyzes the plurality of interpretations of bronze inscriptions and the constructed nature of documentary records concerning the emergence of the Wu and Yue states and their early history.Building upon that,the author points out that a regional archaeological culture with unique characteristics,showing great cultural affinity with the Wuyue culture during the later Eastern Zhou,indeed existed in southeast China during the Western Zhou.However,the emergence of the Wu and Yue states and their early history as recorded in historical texts have not been confi rmed by any archaeological discoveries in the form of archaeological cultures,bronze inscriptions,or documentary texts,and assertions of any direct connection between related archaeological cultures and early Wu and Yue states lack persuasiveness.Considering this,the author proposes new insights into the textuality of documentary records,the relation between archaeology and historical texts,as well as the essence of historiography and other issues.

关 键 词：东南地区 西周时期 土墩墓文化 吴越早期历史 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K224[历史地理—历史学]